Publication:
Individual, host-vector interactions, and environmental risk factors for Plasmodium knowlesi malaria among at-risk communities in Peninsular Malaysia: a case-control study

cris.virtual.department Universiti Malaysia Perlis
cris.virtualsource.department acc4c1a7-25d6-4db3-a53d-cda7199bba40
dc.contributor.author Hafizah Pasi
dc.contributor.author Emma Mohamad
dc.contributor.author Arina Anis Azlan
dc.contributor.author Mohammad Rezal Hamzah
dc.contributor.author Mohd Rahim Sulong
dc.contributor.author Affendi Isa
dc.contributor.author Sivasangari Genapathy
dc.contributor.author Hazwani Damanhuri
dc.date.accessioned 2026-02-02T06:58:15Z
dc.date.available 2026-02-02T06:58:15Z
dc.date.issued 2025-03
dc.description.abstract Background: Highlighting the individual, host-vector interactions, and environmental risk factors for knowlesi malaria were consequential toward more focused and effective prevention and control strategies. This study aims to identify the individual, host-vector interactions, and environmental risk factors for Plasmodium knowlesi malaria among at-risk communities in Peninsular Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted involving laboratory-confirmed cases of P. knowlesi malaria, while a locality-matched individual with no history of fever and tested negative for malaria was taken as control. Univariate and multiple logistic regression were applied to evaluate the potential risk factors among respondents using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Results: Results showed higher cases among males as compared to females (76.1% vs. 23.9%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed being male is 3.51 higher risk (p < 0.001) to become a case. Respondents whose place of work or study is near the forest edge have 44.0% lower risk (p = 0.030), while those living in the Orang Asli village were 56.0% lower risk as compared to the organized village to become a case (p = 0.035). Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that gender emerges as an independent individual risk factor while residing near a forest edge, in an Orang Asli village, or occupying workers’ longhouses situated in hilly areas lowered the environmental risk among respondents. These findings attested that alternative directions must be considered in addressing the known risk factors associated with this type of malaria and the design of prevention and control programs should be tailored to the unique characteristics of each population.
dc.identifier.doi 10.1089/vbz.2024.0023
dc.identifier.uri https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/vbz.2024.0023
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14170/15969
dc.language.iso en
dc.publisher Mary Ann Liebert Inc.
dc.relation.ispartof Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
dc.relation.issn 1530-3667
dc.relation.issn 1557-7759
dc.subject Risk factor
dc.subject Individual
dc.subject Knowlesi malaria
dc.subject At-risk communities
dc.subject Environtmental
dc.subject Host-vector interaction
dc.title Individual, host-vector interactions, and environmental risk factors for Plasmodium knowlesi malaria among at-risk communities in Peninsular Malaysia: a case-control study
dc.type journal-article
dspace.entity.type Publication
oaire.citation.endPage 179
oaire.citation.issue 3
oaire.citation.startPage 167
oaire.citation.volume 25
oairecerif.author.affiliation International Islamic University Malaysia
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Malaysia Perlis
oairecerif.author.affiliation Ministry of Health, Malaysia
oairecerif.author.affiliation Ministry of Health, Malaysia
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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