The effect of sintering temperature on structure and electrical properties of CaTiO₃ synthesized from Hen’s Eggshell via hydrothermal process

This article reports the effect of the sintering temperature on structural and electrical properties of CaTiO₃ synthesized via a hydrothermal route from hen’s eggshell waste as a calcium source. The eggshell-derived powder was reacted with a commercial TiO₂ powder in the hydrothermal reactor then sintered in a furnace with varied temperatures. The result of X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the crystal phase of the CaTiO₃ samples depended on the sintering temperature. As the sintering temperature increased, the crystal phase of starting materials and secondary products decreasing, as a result, the crystal phase of CaTiO₃ sample to become purer. The SEM image shows that CaTiO₃ grains become finer and more uniform as the sintering temperature increases. The result of I-V characterization confirmed that sintering temperature greatly affected the electrical properties of CaTiO₃. The electrical parameter of CaTiO₃ samples was affected by sintering temperature, where the resistance of CaTiO₃ increased with the increasing sintering temperature. Whereas the resistivity of CaTiO3 samples decreases with increasing sintering temperature, vice versa with the electrical conductivity.