The current century is fighting against increasing globalization and industrialization. At the outset, agrowing number of technologies in the environmental management of contaminated resources areathrust area of research. Nanobioremediation isavery prominent technique for the remediation of contaminated resources. Nanobioremediation providesasuccessful and ecofriendly approach for the remediation of heavy metal toxicity, wastewater assessment, industrial effluents, pesticides, and hydrocarbons from the environment. Nanobioremediation is performed by nanoparticles/nanomaterials synthesis from the use of various sources like algae, bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates. In this context, this chapter highlights the major challenges, mechanisms involved, and future projections of nanobioremediation for environmental issues.
