Enhancement of host-based and network-based mobility management protocols in wireless mesh network

Since the dependency of human toward the Internet, this has rapidly raise the usage of internet which may cause congestion and intermittent connection issues. The Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) was introduced to overcome the intermittent connection issues and caters rural area in order to effectively increase the scalability of network with lower construction cost. However, in WMN, there is no specific mobility management protocol that is appointed to handle the location management and handoff management of Mobile Node (MN). Besides that, the MN also faces the difficulties in choosing the suitable mobility management protocols to perform the handover process either in inter or intra domains since the current mobility management protocol handles both intra and inter domains mobility management. Single mobility management protocol needs to handle beacon update and acknowledgement for inter and intra mobility managements. This causes significant delay and distortion which decrease the efficiency of wireless communication. Having known this issue, the aims of this thesis are: firstly, performance evaluation and comparison of various mobility management protocols in WMN environment. The Host-Based and Network-Based mobility management protocols are consolidated in WMN environment and separately implemented and handles the inter and intra mobilities. MIPv6 and FMIPv6 are chosen to operate in intra network scenario while for inter network scenario, HMIPv6, FHMIPv6 and PMIPv6 are appointed to handle the operation. The perfonnance results show that the FMIPv6 have better perform than MIPv6 in intra network scenario. While for inter network scenario, the PMIPv6 is outperformed which compares to HMIPv6 and FHMIPv6. Secondly, the target is to enhance the performance of standard FMIPv6 in intra network scenario. The Optimise FMIPv6 (O-FMIPv6) was introduced with new fast handover scheme based on the standard FMIPv6 to operate in intra network scenario. For enhanced fast handover mechanism, when the MN senses lower signal strength, MN advertises to the neighbour network for the need to attach to the new higher signal strength access point. MN informs the new access point of the need to change to the new access point before the process of handover. Thus, this can reduce the handover latency of handover processes. Thirdly, it is to propose route optimise PMIPv6 (RO-PMIPv6) with new route optimisation scheme which modifies theLMA and MAG entitles. When there is a need to connect to different hierarchical access points, only LMA involves to inform the different hierarchical access points and CN before and after the handover process is performed. This can reduce the time of handover process and thus decreases the handover latency and increases the wireless communication efficiency. For both intra and inter domains mobility management over WMN, the end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and throughput are measured to show the optimisation of the proposed O-FMIPv6 and RO-PMIPv6. Lastly, the results show that the designed intra domain mobility with O-FMIPv6 and the inter domain mobility with RO-PMIPv6 enhanced the mobility management performances. The O-FM1Pv6 performs 2.2% lower in end-to-end delay, 3.7% higher in PDR and 5.4% higher in throughput as compared with standard FMIPv6. The RO-PMIPv6 performs 58.3% lower in end-to-end delay, 2% higher in PDR and 2. 7% higher in throughput as compared with standard PMIPv6. With this enhanced mobility management, it is believed that with the implementation of the designed mobility management protocols, this can reduce latency, increase throughput and decrease distortion. With these criteria, the future aims of wireless communication while moving is made possible which eases the communication between human.