Municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is highly correlated with population growth and remains in increasing trend each year. Landfilling method is prevalent in developing country especially in Malaysia for MSW final disposal due to economical aspect and involved a simpler operational mechanism. However, leachate containing high strength of wastewater characteristic was produced when water percolates through solid waste during bio-decomposition processes. Sustainable and holistic approach for leachate treatment had sparked huge concern continuously. Particularly, advanced technologies and implementation on existing treatment techniques had received significant interest for environmental sustainability. Innovation on the physicochemical and biological treatment methods was reviewed in present study to enhance treatment ability and alleviate on the environmental impact associated with approach employed. Natural-based coagulant and adsorbent were received increasing interest as a sustainable treatment approach. The capability of physicochemical treatment in improving the leachate biodegradability plays an important role for a substantial performance in biological treatment subsequently. Therefore, various implementation methods for both physicochemical and biological treatment were summarized in the present study. The review is of utmost important in revealing the effective technologies applied to safeguard our environment as well as meeting government stringent regulation. A more sustainable, new technologies and cost-effective treatment methods are, therefore, the mutual goals of landfill manager in dire to achieve.
