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Effect of various carbon coating techniques on the electrochemical performance of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ synthesized by sol-gel method

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dc.contributor.author Slamet Priyono
dc.contributor.author Akhmad Herman Yuwono
dc.contributor.author Jan Setiawan
dc.contributor.author Wahyu Bambang Widayatno
dc.date.accessioned 2025-07-02T07:53:39Z
dc.date.available 2025-07-02T07:53:39Z
dc.date.issued 2023-01
dc.description.abstract This study aimed to prepare spinel carbon-coated Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO/C) via sol-gel reaction and applied as a high-performance lithium-ion battery anode. The LTO powder was coated using various carbon sources, super P (SP), sugar and PVDF-assisted SP. The crystal structure, morphology, conductivity and electrochemical performance of the samples were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic Voltammetry/Charge-discharge (CV/CD), respectively. The XRD analysis results showed that the samples contain highly crystalline spinel LTO as the main phase and rutile as impurity. The FESEM image showed that SP covers the entire LTO surface more homogenous than sugar. However, sugar carbon makes roughness on the LTO surface. FTIR spectra showed that the coating using sugar and PVDF still contain hydrocarbon element. Electrochemical performance evaluations showed that SP carbon-coated-LTO possesses higher lithium diffusion and specific capacity than pure LTO, while sugar-coated-LTO shows the lowest specific capacity. Moreover, the SP carbon-coated-LTO sample high-rate capability has improved during full cell evaluation, delivering a discharge capacity of 249, 231, 211, 194, 58, and 23 mAhg-1 at the charge or discharge current density of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 C, respectively.
dc.identifier.uri https://ijneam.unimap.edu.my
dc.identifier.uri https://ijneam.unimap.edu.my/images/PDF/IJNEAM%20JAN%202023/Vol_16_January_2023_121-134.pdf
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14170/14040
dc.language.iso en
dc.publisher Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
dc.relation.ispartof International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials (IJNeaM)
dc.relation.issn 1985-5761
dc.subject Carbon-coated
dc.subject PVDF
dc.subject Super P
dc.subject Li₄Ti₅O₁₂
dc.subject Sugar
dc.title Effect of various carbon coating techniques on the electrochemical performance of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ synthesized by sol-gel method
dc.type Resource Types::text::journal::journal article
dspace.entity.type Publication
oaire.citation.endPage 134
oaire.citation.issue 1
oaire.citation.startPage 121
oaire.citation.volume 16
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universitas Indonesia
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universitas Indonesia
oairecerif.author.affiliation National Research and Innovation Agency
oairecerif.author.affiliation National Research and Innovation Agency
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