Manual material handling (MMH) tasks are a significant contributor to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), particularly in industries where repetitive motions, awkward postures, and excessive loads are common. Recent advances in ergonomic interventions aim to mitigate these risks, enhancing worker safety and reducing the incidence of injuries. The integration of automation technologies, such as robotic assistants and human-machine interfaces, has proven effective in reducing human involvement in monotonous tasks, thereby alleviating physical strain. Additionally, passive back-support exoskeletons have emerged as promising tools to provide mechanical support during heavy lifting, bending, and repetitive movements, effectively reducing musculoskeletal risks. Technological innovations, including wearable sensors and AI-driven tools, have further improved ergonomic assessments by providing real-time monitoring and feedback on workers’ posture and movements. These advancements allow for timely adjustments and preventive measures, ensuring a safer and more efficient working environment. However, challenges remain regarding the long-term effects and user acceptance of exoskeletons and other ergonomic interventions. Studies also highlight the importance of ergonomic risk assessments, utilizing tools such as the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and fuzzy logic models to identify and mitigate high-risk tasks.
