Publication:
Analysis of air pollution in Malaysia: implications for environmental conservation using granger causality and pearson correlation

cris.virtual.department Universiti Malaysia Perlis
cris.virtual.department Universiti Malaysia Perlis
cris.virtualsource.department 4b26d7d4-2bb0-4730-ac18-67d017f43121
cris.virtualsource.department 06c2d2fe-cd6e-4763-82f9-c55423292bb5
dc.contributor.author Zulkifli Abd Rais
dc.contributor.author Norazrin Ramli
dc.contributor.author Hazrul Abdul Hamid
dc.contributor.author Norazian Mohamed Noor
dc.contributor.author Ahmad Zia Ul-Saufie
dc.contributor.author Mohd Khairul Nizam MAHMAD
dc.date.accessioned 2026-02-02T00:56:52Z
dc.date.available 2026-02-02T00:56:52Z
dc.date.issued 2025
dc.description.abstract This study investigates the relationships between air pollutants (PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, O₃, CO) and meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed) across five states in Malaysia: Seberang Perai, Shah Alam, Nilai, Larkin and Pasir Gudang. Using time-series data from 2017 to 2021, we applied Granger causality and Pearson correlation to explore the predictive relationships and linear associations between these variables. Granger causality provided insights into temporal precedence, revealing significant predictive relationships such as temperature Granger-causing PM₁₀ and O₃ in Nilai and Shah Alam. Meanwhile, Pearson correlation highlighted strong linear relationships, such as the positive correlation between PM₁₀ and wind speed in Shah Alam and the negative correlation between humidity and O₃ across several stations. By comparing both methods, we show how combining Granger causality with Pearson correlation can enhance environmental modelling, offering a comprehensive approach to air pollution prediction. This integration provides robust insights into the dynamics of air quality, which are critical for developing effective pollution control strategies.
dc.identifier.doi 10.36868/IJCS.2025.01.09
dc.identifier.uri https://ijcs.ro/public/IJCS-25-01_09_Rais.pdf
dc.identifier.uri https://ijcs.ro/
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14170/15951
dc.language.iso en
dc.publisher Universitatea Gheorghe Asachi din Iasi
dc.relation.ispartof International Journal of Conservation Science
dc.relation.issn 2067-533X
dc.relation.issn 2067-8223
dc.subject Air pollutants
dc.subject Granger causality
dc.subject Malaysia
dc.subject Meteorological factors
dc.subject Pearson correlation
dc.subject Predictive modelling
dc.title Analysis of air pollution in Malaysia: implications for environmental conservation using granger causality and pearson correlation
dc.type journal-article
dspace.entity.type Publication
oaire.citation.endPage 164
oaire.citation.issue 1
oaire.citation.startPage 149
oaire.citation.volume 16
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Malaysia Perlis
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Malaysia Perlis
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Sains Malaysia
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Malaysia Perlis
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Teknologi MARA
oairecerif.author.affiliation #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
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