Hydroxyapatite (HA) has drawn great attention to biomedical applications due to their bone mineral similarity, strong bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductive. Despite the fact that HA has many advantages, several properties are still lacking, emphasising the crucial need for ion doping/substitution. Many attempts have been made to incorporate ions into HA structure to increase their physical, chemical, and biological properties. With such a diverse range of methods available for the synthesis of doped HA, this article discussed the importance of doping for HA and summarizes four common techniques used to prepare doped hydroxyapatites which include precipitation, hydrothermal, sol-gel and mechanochemical method.
