Zulkarnay Zakaria
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Preferred name
Zulkarnay Zakaria
Official Name
Zulkarnay, Zakaria
Alternative Name
Zakaria, Z. N.
Zakaria, Zulkarnay
Zakaria, Z.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
24403085300
Researcher ID
F-5218-2010

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Simulation of Single Channel Magnetic Induction Tomography for Meningitis Detection by Using COMSOL Multiphysics

2021-11-25 , Aiman Abdulrahman Ahmed , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Ali M.H. , Anas Mohd Noor , Siti Fatimah Abdul Halim , Ahmad Nasrul Norali , Pusppanathan J. , Rahim R.A.

Meningitis is a inflammation of the meninges and the most common central nervous system (CNS) due to bacterial infection. Numbers of children who have bacterial meningitis are still high in recent 15 years regardless of the availability of newer antibiotics and preventive strategies. This research focuses on simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics on the design and development of magnetic induction tomography (MIT) system that emphasizes on a single channel rotatable of brain tissue imaging. The purpose of this simulation is to test the capability of the developed MIT system in detecting the change in conductivity and to identify the suitable transmitter-receiver pair and the optimum frequency based on phase shift measurement technique for detecting the conductivity property distribution of brain tissues. The obtained result verified that the performance of the square coil with 12 number of turns (5Tx-12Rx) with 10MHz frequency has been identified as the suitable transmitter-receiver pair and the optimum frequency for detecting the conductivity property distribution of brain tissues.

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Single Channel Magnetic Induction Measurement for Meningitis Detection

2021-01-01 , Aiman Abdulrahman Ahmed , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Ali M.H. , Pusppanathan J. , Rahim R.A. , Muji S.Z.M. , Anas Mohd Noor , Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman , Muhamad Khairul Ali Hassan , Muhammad Juhairi Aziz Safar , Ahmad Faizal Salleh

Bacterial meningitis is one of the most common and prominent infections which infects the central nervous system through the tissue layers and membranes that cover our brain and spinal cord. It is a staggering and fatal illness that kills patients within hours. The number of meningitis cases that has been recorded annually around the world are one million cases and 135,000 deaths. Early detection and start of sufficient treatment are considered as the main determinants for better result. MIT mechanism is noncontact electrodes of impedance measurement. This mechanism uses induction principle instead of contact electrodes to get the required information. This paper presents an overview on the potential of Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) in detecting meningitis disease. In MIT principle, single channel measurement process which consist of transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) coil has been studied. In this field is disclosed about passive electrical field (PEP) which focuses on the three parameters which are dielectric permittivity, electrical conductivity, and magnetic permeability. In addition, this research project involves experimental setup. The applied frequency is between 1–10 MHz. Finally, in this project, the performance of the square coil with 12 number of turns (5Tx–12Rx) with 10 MHz frequency has been identified as the suitable transmitter-receiver pair and the optimum frequency for detecting the conductivity property distribution of brain tissues.

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A Review on Magnetic Induction Spectroscopy potential for fetal acidosis examination

2022-02-01 , Siti Fatimah Abdul Halim , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Pusppanathan J. , Anas Mohd Noor , Ahmad Nasrul Norali , Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman , Muji S.Z.M. , Rahim R.A. , Engku-Husna E.I. , Muhamad Khairul Ali Hassan , Muhammad Juhairi Aziz Safar , Ahmad Faizal Salleh , Mohd Hanafi Mat Som

Fetal acidosis is one of the main concerns during labor. Currently, fetal blood sampling (FBS) has become the most accurate measurement of acidosis detection. However, it is invasive and does not provide a real time measurement due to laboratory procedures. Delays in diagnosis of acidosis have caused serious injury to the fetus, especially for the brain and the heart. This paper reviews the new technique in diagnosis of acidosis non-invasively. Magnetic Induction Spectroscopy (MIS) has been proposed to be a new device for acidosis detection in recent years. This paper explains the basic principle of MIS and outlines the design specifications and design considerations for a MIS pH probe. It is expected that readers will gain a basic understanding of the development of a MIS pH probe from this review.

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Small Scale Non-Invasive Imaging Using Magnetic Induction Tomography - Hardware Design

2020-01-01 , Mansor M.S.B. , Rahim R.A. , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Ayob N.M.N. , Yunus Y.M. , Ahmad A.

This study is conducted to preliminary image the conductivity profile through the development of small scale non-invasive Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) system. It is proved that the Magnetic Induction Tomography interested in mapping the passive electrical properties of materials; conductivity (σ), permittivity (ε) and permeability (µ) in both process and medical tomography. The system is realized by designing the functional ferrite-core coil sensors, electronic measurements circuits for excitation and receiving coil, data acquisition system for transferring the data to the PC and suitable image reconstruction algorithm for providing the conductivity distributions measurement. The important characteristic for excitation coil is the one that can maintain the stability the optimum sine wave frequency ranging from 400 kHz up to 10 MHz. The sine waves are fed to the excitation coil through the application of high current amplifier component respectively. In the experiments, the copper phantom represent as high conductivity material were placed into the region of interest. The initial 16 channels MIT consists of 8 excitation coils and 8 receiving coils stacked alternately. On the receiving circuit, the major problem is the weak secondary signal perturbation sensed by the receiving coil has been improved by placing the variable amplifier on each receiver. The enhancement of conductivity profile imaging has been made by using a common Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm. The measurement was done on single and dual arrangement of copper phantom aligns in random coordinate so that the sensitivity of the excitation and receiving coil sensor can be experimentally observed. The imaging's results show that the hardware's and algorithm used was capable to process the data captured at the receiver. The results obtained can be useful for further improvement and research towards magnetic induction tomography.

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Initial Results on Primary Field Cancellation of Magnetic Induction Spectroscopy Technique for Fetal Acidosis Detection using COMSOL Multiphysics

2021-11-25 , Siti Fatimah Abdul Halim , Mohd Hafiz Zakaria , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Ahmad Nasrul Norali , Anas Mohd Noor , Ahmed A.A. , Pusppanathan J. , Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman , Muji S.Z.M. , Rahim R.A.

Monitoring of fetal condition during labor could save hundred lives in a single year. During labor, fetus is at critical condition as acidosis may occur suddenly without any early symptoms. Invasive method such as Fetal Blood Sampling (FBS) has been used to detect the decline in pH level of fetus. However, fetal loss rate after FBS may range from 1.4% up to 25%. In this paper, magnetic field induction spectroscopy was implemented to determine fetal acidosis by using primary magnetic field cancellation technique. Magnetic Induction Spectroscopy (MIS) probe was design where transmitter coil (TX) is perpendicular to receiver coil (RX). The result shows that the secondary magnetic field produced have been successfully measured without any interruption from primary magnetic field. By using transmitter input 1A, it shows that voltage is inversely proportional to the blood pH due to the conductivity properties of blood.

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