Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • Publication
    Buffalo reef mesothermal gold mineralization mineralogy and geochemistry in Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia
    (Springer, 2023)
    Siti Hasanah Osman
    ;
    Afikah Rahim
    ;
    In Pahang, the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Buffalo Reef remains active as a gold mine among the main gold deposits at the North of Selinsing Gold Mine. Mineralization of gold is possible when stibnite occurs in quartz veins. The main purpose of this study is to examine the geological condition governing the mineralization of ore and the origin of gold mineralization of Buffalo Reef. The XRD result shows the quartz stage (SiO2) while quartz, sillimanite and stibnite are identified. Ten samples were tested with XRF geochemical studies showing SiO2 contents of 24.98–70.67 wt%, and the overall Na2O + K2O diagram versus SiO2 alkaline diagram showed varies basaltic andesite, andesite and dacite series with favourable and random distribution. The deposits region consists of the thick Permian rock sequences especially tuff volcanic rock that is intertwined by clay (argillite, phyllite) and carbonate rocks. Mineralization of volcanic rock and pyroclastic tuff supporting and regulating the orogenic gold deposit under the Raub–Bentong framework. The region epizoic and mesonic with a mesothermal deposit characterized by the presence of gold, stibnite and arsenopyrite with the grade of gold is 4.01 g/t Au from AAS.
  • Publication
    Foamed concrete durability properties reinforced with agave cantala-based fibre
    (Polish Academy of Sciences, 2025)
    M. A. O. Mydin
    ;
    ;
    S. S. Majeed
    ;
    R. Omar
    ;
    ;
    S. Ishak
    The construction industry across the world recognizes the need for green, lightweight, and self-compacting materials that are also ecologically benign. Considering this requirement, a recent discovery has indicated that a novel form of concrete, known as foamed concrete (FC), has the potential to reduce structural self-weight. Natural fibres are an excellent option to be added in FC for durability properties improvement and are viewed as a great way to contribute to sustainability. The purpose of this study is to examine the possible utilization of agave cantala-based fibre (AF) in the fabrication of foamed concrete (FC) with the objective of enhancing their durability properties. Low densities FC are prone to serious durability performance degradation hence in this experiment FC of low density of 650 kg/m3 was fabricated and evaluated. Varying weight fractions of AF between 0% to 5% were considered as an additive in FC. The durability parameters that were evaluated included apparent porosity, shrinkage, water absorption and UPV. The experimental findings indicate that incorporating a weight fraction of 3% of AF in FC resulted in the optimal durability characteristics across all the durability measures examined in this study. The inclusion of AF in the combination resulted in a significant decrease in the permeability porosity and water absorption of FC. The presence of FC-AF composites with 4% fibre led to the highest drying shrinkage and UPV value and it performed better than the remaining mixtures.
  • Publication
    Petrographical analysis on microcracks and Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) of saltwater intruded concrete
    (Springer, 2023)
    Muhammad Noor Hisyam Jusoh
    ;
    Afikah Rahim
    ;
    Karthigeyan Ramanathan
    ;
    Rini Asnida Abdullah
    ;
    Goh Thian Lai
    ;
    The purpose of this study is to analyze deteriorated concrete samples from a port that located at southwest of Johor. The structure is exposed to aggressive environment which is seawater. Seawater contains chloride and sulfate which can promote to the concrete and structure deterioration due to chemical and mechanical reactions. Microstructural study which is petrographic analysis is aimed to examine the presence of microcrack and delayed ettringite formation (DEF) in micro-sized scale. Microcrack and DEF images are identified under polarizing microscope. The other method is used X-ray diffraction method as to determine the mineral content while rebound hammer test validates the mechanical strength of the port’s structure. Microcracks and zonal boundaries are obviously observed in relation to the DEF content to samples with low mechanical strength. DEF is proven its growth with the 5.7–10.4% of mineral composition, especially ettringite caused the material strength reduced.
      5  4
  • Publication
    Experimental analysis of geological structure to the water intrusion into tunnel
    (Springer, 2023-07)
    M. I. Zalrusli
    ;
    Afikah Rahim
    ;
    Karthigeyan Ramanathan
    ;
    Rini Asnida Abdullah
    ;
    Thian Lai Goh
    ;
    This paper presents a geological characteristic in Karak for water transfer tunnel. A dense population that exists year by year in the urban area created a problem which is high demand water consumption. In order to avoid running out of water in the future, the government has planned to make a water transfer tunnel that connects from catchment area from Karak to Langat. The objectives of this study are to study the joint pattern and overburden at NATM-2 and to investigate the relationship between joint pattern, overburden, and water inrush. Fieldwork has been carried out to collect the data from the site. The data collected is tunnel face mapping. From the data, we can accomplish the objective needed. Analysis for this study involved the analysis of the structural map, geological map, tunnel face mapping along 1927 m of total length at NATM-2. The geological structures especially in the strength and water inrush that presents within meta-sedimentary rock have affected the excavation process and decreased the tunnel performance. Three types of joints orientations observed are parallel with the main lineament orientation, perpendicular to the tunnel, and crossing random voids. Most water inrush occurrences are seen as in line with the joint sets orientation which are parallel orientations, perpendicular to the tunnel drive direction and 1 most least is cross voids that crossing with random pocket water zones.
      4  1
  • Publication
    Chemical distributions of different Sodium Hydroxide molarities on fly ash/dolomite-based geopolymer
    ( 2022) ; ; ;
    Andrei Victor Sandu
    ;
    Petrica Vizureanu
    ;
    Omrane Benjeddou
    ;
    Afikah Rahim
    ;
    Masdiyana Ibrahim
    ;
    Ahmad Syauqi Sauffi
    Geopolymers are an inorganic material in an alkaline environment that is synthesized with alumina–silica gel. The structure of geopolymers consists of an inorganic chain of material and a covalent-bound molecular system. Currently, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) has caused carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions which causes greenhouse effects. This analysis investigates the impact on fly ash/dolomite-based-geopolymer with various molarities of sodium hydroxide solutions which are 6 M, 8 M, 10 M, 12 M and 14 M. The samples of fly ash/dolomite-based-geopolymer were prepared with the usage of solid to liquid of 2.0, by mass and alkaline activator ratio of 2.5, by mass. After that, the geopolymer was cast in 50 × 50 × 50 mm molds before testing after 7 days of curing. The samples were tested on compressive strength, density, water absorption, morphology, elemental distributions and phase analysis. From the results, the usage of 8 M of NaOH gave the optimum properties for the fly ash/dolomite-based geopolymer. The elemental distribution analysis exposes the Al, Si, Ca, Fe and Mg chemical distribution of the samples from the selected area. The distribution of the elements is related to the compressive strength and compared with the chemical composition of the fly ash and dolomite.
      1  18
  • Publication
    Evaluation of petrographical characteristics of deteriorated cement concrete containing potential ASR
    (Springer, 2023)
    Izni Syahrizal Ibrahim
    ;
    Afikah Rahim
    ;
    Karthigeyan A/l Ramanathan
    ;
    Rini Asnida Abdullah
    ;
    Understanding the alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is a very important step in order to measure the structural integrity of a certain building and establishment. ASR can affect the life expectancy of a structure, making it deteriorate much faster than how it is supposed to be. The purpose of this research is to focus on the characteristics of deteriorated cement concrete that is suspected to be containing ASR and its effect of its chemical composition and relative strength. By using the petrographic analysis method, ASR can be found in the suspected samples and it can be further researched by running the X-ray fluorescent spectrometry (XRF) test to examine the mineral content of the respective samples. Furthermore, the relative strength of the samples can be determined by using the Schmidt Rebound Hammer test. Overall, several minerals in the samples such as 〖SO〗_3 and CaO were found to be affecting the Estimated Concrete Strength (f_cu) of the samples the most. This study definitively answers the question regarding the correlation between the chemical composition of concrete and its Estimated Concrete Strength.