Sri Raj Rajeswari Munusamy
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Preferred name
Sri Raj Rajeswari Munusamy
Official Name
Sri Raj Rajeswari, Munusamy
Alternative Name
Rajeswari, M. Sri Raj
Munusamy, S. R.R.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
55660300400
Researcher ID
FNC-9529-2022

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Effect of using Palm Char and Coke as a Reductant in Production of Ferrosilicon

2020-11-24 , Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos , Muhammad Asri Idris , Sri Raj Rajeswari Munusamy , Dhilip K. Perumal

This research focused on the synthesis of ferrosilicon alloy by coke and palm char as a reductant. Raw materials which were iron ore, silica sand, coke and palm char mixed and compacted into pellets. The pellets were reduced at temperature of 1300 C using horizontal tube furnace with nitrogen gas flow. The pellets after reduction process were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X- ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectra (SEM/EDS). The results from XRD analysis indicated that the formation of FeSi, Fe3Si and SiC phases were appeared at 1300 C for both reductants. The brighter phases were observed in SEM/EDS mapping analysis represents as iron and silicon. The EDX analysis showed the high amount silica developed for coke compared to palm char due to high content of silica and carbon. The results found that palm char as carbon reductant has the potential to produce ferrosilicon and silica carbide in sustainable way.

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Phase Reduction and Thermodynamic Analysis of Ilmenite Ore by Carbothermal-Iodination using Different Carbon Reductants

2023-12-01 , Nasrun N.A. , Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos , Muhammad Asri Idris , Sri Raj Rajeswari Munusamy , Takahiro N. , Rezan S.A.

The present study is on the combination of carbothermal reduction and iodination reaction (carboiodination) process for the phase reduction of ilmenite ore (FeTiO3). The aim is to understand the phase reduction and thermodynamic reaction analysis of ilmenite ore by a combined method of carbothermal-iodination using different carbon reductants (graphite and palm char). Graphite was used as a standard carbon reductant while palm char as a renewable carbon reductant was prepared via the pyrolysis technique. Ilmenite was mixed with carbon reductants and then first reduced by using a carbothermal reduction process at 1550℃. Then, the reduced samples were further investigated with iodination reaction in different temperature ranges of 900-1000 °C using a vertical tube furnace with mixed argon and iodine gas (0.2 L/min). The proximate and ultimate analyses of carbon reductants were analysed by CHON analyser and their microstructure by using SEM, while XRF and XRD were used for analyzing the chemical compositions and the phase reductions of raw ilmenite ore and reduced samples, respectively. The thermodynamics of possible reactions during carbothermal-iodination reactions were calculated by HSC Chemistry 6.0 software. By comparing graphite and palm char, palm char had an amorphous structure, with porous and high carbon content showing high potential for usage as a reductant in titanium extraction from ilmenite ore. The phases of ilmenite ore were ilmenite, rutile, and anatase transformed into rutile, pseudobrookite, and titanium oxide detected by XRD. Further reduction was performed by palm char where more rutile (TiO2) and titanium oxide (Ti3O5) developed from the iodination reaction at the highest temperature compared to graphite due to better properties and amorphous structure. The rutile and titanium oxide were found as stable phases from the thermodynamic analysis and confirmed with XRD. From the findings, the combination of carbothermal-iodination of ilmenite ore was possible and promising for rutile (TiO2) production in mineral extractions.

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Phase reduction and thermodynamic analysis of Ilmenite Ore by carbothermal-iodination using different carbon reductants

2023-12 , N. A. Nasrun , Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos , Muhammad Asri Idris , Sri Raj Rajeswari Munusamy , N. Takahiro , S. A. Rezan

The present study is on the combination of carbothermal reduction and iodination reaction (carboiodination) process for the phase reduction of ilmenite ore (FeTiO3). The aim is to understand the phase reduction and thermodynamic reaction analysis of ilmenite ore by a combined method of carbothermal-iodination using different carbon reductants (graphite and palm char). Graphite was used as a standard carbon reductant while palm char as a renewable carbon reductant was prepared via the pyrolysis technique. Ilmenite was mixed with carbon reductants and then first reduced by using a carbothermal reduction process at 1550℃. Then, the reduced samples were further investigated with iodination reaction in different temperature ranges of 900-1000 °C using a vertical tube furnace with mixed argon and iodine gas (0.2 L/min). The proximate and ultimate analyses of carbon reductants were analysed by CHON analyser and their microstructure by using SEM, while XRF and XRD were used for analyzing the chemical compositions and the phase reductions of raw ilmenite ore and reduced samples, respectively. The thermodynamics of possible reactions during carbothermal-iodination reactions were calculated by HSC Chemistry 6.0 software. By comparing graphite and palm char, palm char had an amorphous structure, with porous and high carbon content showing high potential for usage as a reductant in titanium extraction from ilmenite ore. The phases of ilmenite ore were ilmenite, rutile, and anatase transformed into rutile, pseudobrookite, and titanium oxide detected by XRD. Further reduction was performed by palm char where more rutile (TiO2) and titanium oxide (Ti3O5) developed from the iodination reaction at the highest temperature compared to graphite due to better properties and amorphous structure. The rutile and titanium oxide were found as stable phases from the thermodynamic analysis and confirmed with XRD. From the findings, the combination of carbothermal-iodination of ilmenite ore was possible and promising for rutile (TiO2) production in mineral extractions.

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The Correlation between Palm Shell Char Properties and the Production of Metallic Iron in EAF Steelmaking Slag Reduction Reaction

2020-11-24 , Anis Nadhirah Ismail , Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos , Sri Raj Rajeswari Munusamy , Muhammad Asri Idris

Palm shells wastes generated from oil palm processing are in abundance in landfills every year thereby posing environmental problems. Enormous amount of wastes generated by agro-industry has previously studied as carbon source in steelmaking hence providing solution to environmental problems. This paper studied on the conversion of palm shell waste into carbon material via physical and chemical activation method for metallic iron extraction. Physical char was prepared by pyrolyzed in nitrogen atmosphere at 450°C while chemical char was impregnated in phosphoric acid before pyrolyzed. Composite pellets of EAF slag (43.18 %Fe2O3) with physical and chemical char were rapidly heated at temperature 1550°C within 20 minutes under argon flow. All reduced samples were analyzed on the weight loss, degree of reduction, iron recovery and phase analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that chemical/slag showed higher weight loss (38.8%) and excellent degree of reduction (29.94%) compared to physical/slag due to higher volatile matter content (9.8%) and larger surface area (562.14m2/g). It was found that the production of metallic iron particles after the reduction process and indicated that chemical char achieved higher iron recovery (15.48%) compared to physical char due to higher total carbon content (60.28%). XRD and Rietveld refinement analysis confirmed that the iron phase was a major component in metallic iron particles for physical/slag and chemical/slag samples. This elucidated that the iron oxides in EAF slag was completely reduced into iron by using palm shell chars as carbon materials. This finding indicates that palm shell chars potentially act as carbon materials in steelmaking applications according to their good characteristics.

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