Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • Publication
    The effect of various waste materials' contents on the attenuation level of anti-radiation shielding concrete
    ( 2013)
    Ali Azeez
    ;
    Kahtan Mohammed
    ;
    ; ;
    Sandu, Andrei Victor
    ;
    Samples of concrete contain various waste materials, such as iron particulates, steel balls of used ball bearings and slags from steel industry were assessed for their anti-radiation attenuation coefficient properties. The attenuation measurements were performed using gamma spectrometer of NaI (Tl) detector. The utilized radiation sources comprised 137Cs and 60Co radioactive elements with photon energies of 0.662 MeV for 137Cs and two energy levels of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV for the 60Co. Likewise the mean free paths for the tested samples were obtained. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the waste loading rates and the particulate dispersive manner within the concrete matrix on the attenuation coefficients. The maximum linear attenuation coefficient (μ) was attained for concrete incorporates iron filling wastes of 30 wt %. They were of 1.12 ± 1.31×10-3 for 137Cs and 0.92 ± 1.57 × 10-3 for 60Co. Substantial improvement in attenuation performance by 20%-25% was achieved for concrete samples incorporate iron fillings as opposed to that of steel ball samples at different (5%-30%) loading rates. The steel balls and the steel slags gave much inferior values. The microstructure, concrete-metal composite density, the homogeneity and particulate dispersion were examined and evaluated using different metallographic, microscopic and measurement facilities.
  • Publication
    Evaluation on the rheological and mechanical properties of concrete incorporating eggshell with tire powder
    ( 2021)
    Rokiah Othman
    ;
    Beng Wei Chong
    ;
    Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
    ;
    Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan
    ;
    ;
    Mohd Haziman Wan Ibrahim
    The construction industry is the largest consumer of raw materials which are under the risk of exhaustion and depletion in the near future, which has prompted the usage of waste materials for the conservation of resource and as a solution for waste management. Two wastes that are widely produced but often inefficiently disposed are eggshell and waste tire. Hence, this paper aims to evaluate the rheological and mechanical properties of concrete incorporating eggshell and waste tire rubber using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Concrete with eggshell as cement replacement and waste tire rubber as sand replacement was prepared with an interval of 5% up to 15% replacement of both materials. Rheological properties of concrete were accessed using slump cone test while mechanical properties were studied through compressive strength and flexural strength test. Result showed that eggshell replacement has a minor effect on concrete slump while tire rubber reduces workability considerably. Result also showed that concrete mechanical strength was optimum at 5% and 10% eggshell replacement, while tire rubber reduced mechanical strength with percentage of replacement. Non-destructive tests indicated that concrete has excellent quality but excessive tire replacement beyond 10% compromised structural integrity of concrete. Overall, RSM models were able to model the properties of concrete with high accuracy and minimal deviation.
  • Publication
    Recycling of PET bottles into different types of building materials: A review
    ( 2021)
    Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem Hassan
    ;
    Aeslina Abdul Kadir
    ;
    Intan Seri Izzora Arzlan
    ;
    Mohd Razali Md Tomari
    ;
    Noor Azizi Mardi
    ;
    Mohd Fahrul Hassan
    ;
    ;
    M. Nabiałek
    ;
    B. Jeż
    In this globalized era, building materials play an essential role in the civil engineering field. Nowadays, with the increase in population, the demand for construction activities is also increasing. Polyethylene (PET) bottles are among the most widely used materials and cause an abundance of non-degradable waste, at about 0.94 million tonnes in Malaysia. One of the alternatives to reduce this waste's environmental impact is to incorporate it inside building materials such as brick and concrete. As PET bottles' recycling is highly promoted, the physical and mechanical properties of building materials made from PET bottles have also been reviewed. The data analysis shows that the compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and density of building materials decreases as the percentage of PET waste increases. However, other properties such as water absorption, initial absorption rate, and firing shrinkage increase proportionally with the PET waste. Besides, heavy metals in these building materials comply with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards. It can be concluded that the percentage of PET waste incorporated into brick and concrete must be less than 5% and 2%, respectively, to produce suitable materials to provide alternatives in reducing and recycling PET waste.
  • Publication
    Meta-analysis of studies on eggshell concrete using mixed regression and response surface methodology
    ( 2023)
    Beng Wei Chong
    ;
    Rokiah Othman
    ;
    Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
    ;
    Xiaofeng Li
    ;
    Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan
    ;
    Eggshell concrete is an innovative green material that helps to recycle eggshell waste while reducing the environmental harm caused by excessive cement production. However, recent studies on eggshell concrete are limited, and the outcomes may vary due to the variation of mix design. The design of the experiment is used to simplify and optimize the study of sustainable concrete, yet analysis involving eggshell concrete is still scarce. This paper aimed to develop mathematical models for the prediction of eggshell concrete compressive strength using mixed regression (MR) and response surface methodology (RSM). Overall, 43 datasets were collected from available studies in the literature on eggshell powder as partial cement replacement. The input variables used were the percentage of eggshell, percentage of Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS), cement content, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, and Conplast SP-430 superplasticizer. The analysis of the contour plot concluded that eggshell powder increased the concrete compressive strength at an optimal replacement percentage between 5% and 10%. However, the partial cement replacement with eggshell powder is more optimal for mix design with higher water content. The statistical results of the model, such as R2, adjusted R2, and root-mean-square error (RMSE), indicated that both MR and RSM models are powerful tools to formulate and predict the eggshell concrete compressive strength. However, RSM models showed better accuracy and lower deviation.
  • Publication
    Bahan binaan asas konkrit
    Buku ini sesuai dijadikan teks rujukan kepada para pelajar yang mengikuti kursus kejuruteraan bahan dan kejuruteraan bangunan pada peringkat asas. Ia boleh juga dijadikan sebagai bahan rujukan kepada juruteknik di jabatan-jabatan kerajaan dan swasta, serta yang terlibat dalam kerja-kerja kejuruteraan bahan dan bangunan. Buku ini mempunyai lima [5] bab yang membincangkan perkara utama berkenaan konkrit meliputi aspek Pengenalan Kepada Konkrit, Kegunaan Konkrit, Pemprosesan Konkrit, Pengujian Konkrit dan Parameter Lain Dalam Konkrit seperti Pengawetan, Pengangkutan Konkrit, Kecacatan Dalam Konkrit dan sebagainya. Di samping itu juga, pengenalan ringkas konkrit tanpa agregat yang lebih dikenali sebagai Ferosimen turut dibincangkan.
      27  311
  • Publication
    Effect of silica fume and alumina addition on the mechanical and microstructure of fly ash geopolymer concrete
    ( 2021)
    Fong Sue Min
    ;
    ; ; ;
    Hasniyati Md Razi
    ;
    Foo Wah Low
    ;
    Ng Hui-Teng
    ;
    Ng Yong-Sing
    This paper discussed the effect of the addition of silica fume (2 wt.% and 4 wt.%) and alumina (2 wt.% and 4 wt.%) on the properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete. The fly ash geopolymer concrete achieved the highest 28-day compressive strength with 2 wt.% of silica fume (39 MPa) and 4 wt.% of alumina (41 MPa). The addition of 2 wt.% of silica fume increased the compressive strength by 105% with respect to the reference geopolymer (without additive). On the other hand, the compressive strength surged by 115% with 4 wt.% of alumina compared to the reference geopolymer. The addition of additives improved the compactness of the geopolymer matrix according to the morphology analysis.
      1  2
  • Publication
    Kejuruteraan konkrit
    Kejuruteraan konkrit merupakan sebuah buku yang membincangkan secara mudah mengenai pengenalan, prinsip-prinsip dan amalanteknologi konkrit masa kini. Buku ini meliputi pelbagai bacaan serta memberikan asas menyeluruh bagi subjek, pengenalan ciri-ciri prestasi, reka bentuk konkrit, reka bentuk konkrit bertelulang mengikut piawaian serta pengenalan kepada konkrit pra- tegasan dan Sistem Binaan Berindustri (Industrialized Building System - IBS). Selain itu buku ini juga memberi penekanan dalam mengkaji sifat-sifat konkrit dan menyemak teknik-teknik yang betul dalam pemprosesan konkrit serta mengandungi tip-tip penting untuk diberi penelitian.
      529  9