Mohd Saufi Ahmad
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Preferred name
Mohd Saufi Ahmad
Official Name
Mohd Saufi , Ahmad
Alternative Name
Ahmad, M. S.
Ahmad, Mohd Saufi
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57214108987
Researcher ID
AAK-3467-2020

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Design and Optimization of Electromagnetic Torque for a Surface-Mounted PMSM by using Subdomain Model and GA in Electric Vehicle Application

2021-01-01 , Syauqina Akmar Mohd Shafri , Tiang Tow Leong , Tan C.J. , Ishak D. , Mohd Saufi Ahmad , Leong Jenn Hwai , Jenn , Ong Hui Lin

This paper presents a highly structured optimization strategy for 12-slot/8-pole surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machines (SMPMSM) with radial magnetization pattern. The main goals of the optimization process are to determine the optimal motor geometry, and achieving the minimum torque ripple and maximum average electromagnetic torque, simultaneously. The first function is used to obtain the maximum electromagnetic torque, and thus obtaining higher efficiency and the second function is used to achieve the minimum torque ripple. A computing framework that ensemble the genetic algorithm (GA) and subdomain model (SDM) with weighted equations is proposed to determine the optimal design of SMPMSM. After the optimization process, the optimal design of PM motor demonstrates much lower torque ripple with reasonable electromagnetic torque as compared with that of the initial design. The comparison of parameters and motor performances between the initial and the optimal designs of 12-slot/8-pole PM motors with the computing framework are validated in terms of electromagnetic torque under BLAC operation using SDM. Thus, the framework of SDM and GA is verified in reducing the usage of magnet materials and the electromagnetic torque ripple of SMPMSM, which is highly viable for electric vehicle. Therefore, the proposed ensemble framework of GA and SDM can determine the optimal settings of geometry design for SMPMSM in order to produce optimum motor performance.

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Optimal Design of SMPMSM Using SD-model based on Genetic Algorithm

2021-01-01 , Syauqina Akmar Mohd-Shafri , Tiang Tow Leong , Tan C.J. , Ishak D. , Mohd Saufi Ahmad , Leong Jenn Hwai , Jenn , Ong Hui Lin

This paper deals with an optimal design of a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SMPMSM) with an exact analytical subdomain model by using a genetic algorithm method. To analyze the characteristic of permanent magnet (PM) motors, the classical optimization method, such as the finite element method (FEM), is intensively used. However, FEM has several time problems that require a longer computational time to evaluate the performance of PM motors. This problem can be overcome by using a genetic algorithm (GA) method combined with a subdomain model (SD), which developed an improved performance of SMPMSM, for instance, total harmonic distortion (THDv) and cogging torque. In this design, a three-phase 12-slot/8-pole PM motor is established with an exact SD model with RM and PaM magnetization patterns. Then, the GA ensemble with SD model to search the optimality of SMPMSM machine design. In the final analysis, the optimal new design of SMPMSM demonstrated by comparing with the initial design that is investigated by FEM. The result of induced back-EMF, cogging torque, total harmonic distortion, and magnetic flux density of optimal design is compared with the initial design to show the advantages of GA optimization method.

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Comparative evaluation of three-phase double stator pmsm with different slot number in inner and outer stators

2020-04-11 , Mohd Saufi Ahmad , Ishak D. , Firdaus R.N. , Mohamed M.R.

This paper presents a comparative evaluation of three-phase double-stator permanent magnet synchronous machines (DS-PMSM) in which the slot number of outer stator is different than that of the inner stator. The fractional-slot machine type is considered in both inner and outer stators. The rotor core material which can be either iron-core or air-core is analyzed in order to evaluate the magnetic performance of DS-PMSM. In addition, several models of the proposed DS-PMSM with different rotor magnet pole arc have been investigated. Finite element method (FEM) is employed intensively to predict the flux line distribution, flux density distribution, back-emf, cogging torque, output torque and torque ripple for each model. Systematic comparison is further conducted for different rotor materials. The results show that the rotor with iron-core is eminently appropriate for better torque density, but it suffers higher torque ripple. While the rotor with air-core structure has advantage in producing smaller cogging torque and almost ripple-free output torque.

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The Influenced of Different Magnetization Patterns on the Performance of the Semi-buried Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

2021-06-11 , Syauqina Akmar Mohd-Shafri , Muhamad Haniff Sani , Tiang Tow Leong , Ishak D. , Mohd Saufi Ahmad , Leong Jenn Hwai , Jenn , Tan C.J. , Ong Hui Lin

The performance of semi-buried permanent magnet synchronous machines (SBPMSMs) by the influence of two magnetization patterns are presented in this paper. These magnetization patterns include radial and parallel, which applied into 9-slot/8-pole (9s/8p) and 6-slot/4-pole (6s/4p) SBPMSMs. Hence, to evaluate the machines performance, AutoCAD and Opera2D finite element software are used to model and predict the electromagnetic characteristic performance of SBPMSMs. Two PM machines are optimized i.e. flux density distribution, phase back-EMF, and cogging torque by two magnetization patterns. The phase back-EMF of the machines are computed into harmonic components to investigate the total harmonic distortion (THDv ). It is found that the lowest THDv for both 9s/8p and 6s/4p motors are in parallel magnetization (PaM), which are 8.66% and 3.98%, respectively. However, the lowest cogging torque for 9s/8p is radial magnetization (RaM), which is 0.0101 Nm and for 6s/4p is 0.1730 Nm with parallel magnetization pattern. By comparing the result of the optimum magnet pole arc for both motors, the 6s/4p motors show the minimum cogging torque and harmonic distortions are 0.16 Nm and 1.63% in PaM patterns. As a result, optimum motor performances among these two motors are 6s/4p PM motors with PaM pattern.

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Optimization Design of the Electromagnetic Torque for Surface-Mounted PMSM using GA and Finite Element Analysis for Electric Vehicle

2021-01-01 , Edric Wong Wee Ming , Tan C.J. , Leong Jenn Hwai , Jenn , Syauqina Akmar Mohd-Shafri , Ishak D. , Ong Hui Lin , Tiang Tow Leong , Mohd Saufi Ahmad

This paper presents an optimization design for a three-phase 12 mathrm{s}/8 mathrm{p} surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SMPMSM) with a RM pattern applied in the electric vehicle by using the computing framework of finite element analysis (FEA) and genetic algorithm (GA). The framework is to determine the optimal settings of permanent magnet (PM) motor for higher average electromagnetic torque (T_{em_{-}avg}) and lower its ripple (T_{em_{-}rip}). Several motor performances are investigated for the initial and the optimal designs of PM machines during open-circuit and on-load conditions, i.e., magnetic field distribution across the motor, magnetic flux density distribution in the mid air gap, phase back-EMF, electromagnetic torque, and its ripple through FEA. The magnet pole-arc and slot opening angle of the PM motor are taken into consideration. The T_{em_{-}avg} and the T_{em_{-}rip} are employed to formulate the computing equations to determine the objective function, which is used to search the optimal settings of PM motor in GA framework, where the fitness value produced by the computing framework is further evaluated. The comparison of parameters and motor performances between the initial and the optimal designs of 12s/8p PM motors with the GA framework are validated in terms of electromagnetic torque under BLAC operation using FEA. Therefore, the framework of FEA and GA is verified in reducing the usage of magnet materials and the electromagnetic torque ripple in the design of SMPMSM, which is highly viable for electric vehicle.

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Magnetic field distribution for single coil pulsed linear accelerator

2022-01-01 , Rezal M. , Ishak D. , Mohd Saufi Ahmad

This paper presents the magnetic field distribution for a single coil pulsed linear accelerator. The design of the pulsed linear accelerator is implemented using a coil and capacitor bank. A Hall-effect sensor is applied to measure the magnetic field inside the coil. Basically, this project focuses on the magnetic field distribution for different Hall-effect positions inside the coil with different settings of capacitor banks. The capacitor bank is operated as a pulse current generator for the coil. The result obtained is compared for different magnetic field distributions with different Hall-effect positions inside the coil. The result is tabulated and analyzed using a graphical method. The purposes of the research are to analyze the magnetic field distribution for a single coil pulsed linear accelerator using a Hall-effect sensor and to obtain the highest magnetic field for a specific Hall-effect sensor position inside the coil. The result showing that the 200 V, 1120 uF capacitor bank with Hall-effect sensor position of 7 mm and magnetic field of 12.2 mT.

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Optimal design of SMPMSM using Genetic Algorithm based on Finite Element Model

2022-01-01 , Mohd-Shafri S.A. , Tiang Tow Leong , Ishak D. , Tan C.J. , Mohd Saufi Ahmad , Leong J.H. , Ong Hui Lin

This paper deals with an optimal design of a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SMPMSM) using a genetic algorithm (GA) method. To analyze the characteristic of permanent magnet (PM) motors, the classical optimization method, such as the finite element method (FEM), is intensively used. In this design, a three-phase 12-slot/8-pole PM motor is established with FEM with radial magnetization pattern. Then, the GA is used to search the optimality of SMPMSM machine design. In the final analysis, the optimal new design of SMPMSM is demonstrated by comparing it with the initial design that is investigated by FEM. The result of induced back-EMF, total harmonic distortion, and magnetic flux density of optimal design are compared with the initial design to show the advantages of GA optimization method.

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Analytical Subdomain Model for Double-Stator Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Surface-Mounted Radial Magnetization †

2021-01-01 , Mohd Saufi Ahmad , Ishak D. , Tiang Tow Leong , Mohamed M.R.

This paper proposes an analytical subdomain model for predicting magnetic field distributions in a three-phase double-stator permanent magnet synchronous machine (DS-PMSM) during open-circuit and on-load conditions. The geometric structure of DS-PMSM is quite challenging since the stator cores are located in the outer and inner parts of the motor, while the rotor magnets are placed between these two stators. Parameters that influence the motor performance in DS-PMSM include stator outer radius, stator inner radius, magnet thickness, magnet arc, slot opening, outer and inner airgap thickness and the number of winding turns. The analytical subdomain model proposed in this paper, which can accurately predict the performances of DS-PMSM with less computational time, has an excellent advantage as a rapid design tool. The model is initially generated using the separation of variables technique in four subdomains, namely, outer airgap, outer magnet, inner magnet, and inner airgap, based on Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations in polar coordinates. The field solutions in each subdomain are derived by applying the appropriate boundary and interface conditions. Furthermore, finite element analysis (FEA) is used to validate the analytical results in fractional DS-PMSM with a different number of slots between outer and inner stators and a non-overlapping winding configuration. The electromagnetic performances that have been evaluated are the slotted airgap flux density, back-emf and output torque. The results demonstrate that the proposed analytical model is able to predict the magnetic field distributions accurately in DS-PMSM.

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Optimization of double stator pmsm with different slot number in inner and outer stators using genetic algorithm

2021-06-01 , Mohd Saufi Ahmad , Ishak D. , Tiang Tow Leong , Mohamed M.R.

This paper describes the performance enhancement of double stator permanent magnet synchronous machines (DS-PMSM) based on genetic algorithm optimization (GAO). Generally, throughout the development stage, an analytical calculation is implemented to build the initial model of the DS-PMSM since the analytical calculation can provide the initial parameters based on the types and materials used in the machine design. For further improvement, GAO might potentially be applied to provide the optimization technique in searching the optimal motor parameters iteratively and intelligently with specific objective functions. For this aim, a three-phase, DS-PMSM with different number of slots between the outer and inner stators is first designed by using analytical parameter estimation and then later optimized by GAO. The outer and inner stators have 12-slots and 9-slots respectively, while, the rotor carries 10 magnetic poles. Four main input motor parameters, i.e. outer stator slot opening, outer magnet pole arc, inner stator slot opening and inner magnet pole arc are varied and optimized to achieve the design objective functions, i.e. high output torque, low torque ripple, low cogging torque and low total harmonic distortion (THDv). The results from the optimized GAO are compared with the initial motor model and further validated by finite element method (FEM). The results show a good agreement between GAO and FEM. GAO has achieved very significant improvements in enhancing the machine performance.

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Optimization design of the electromagnetic torque for Surface-Mounted PMSM Using GA and Finite Element Analysis for electric vehicle

2022-09-01 , Wong E.W.M. , Mohd-Shafri S.A. , Tiang Tow Leong , Tan C.J. , Ishak D. , Mohd Saufi Ahmad , Leong J.H. , Ong Hui Lin

This research offers an optimization design for a three-phase surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SMPMSM) by employing the computer framework consists of finite element analysis (FEA) and genetic algorithm (GA) utilized in the applications of electric vehicles. This framework aims to evaluate and determine the optimal setting of SMPMSMs, which require maximum average electromagnetic torque (Tem_avg) and minimum its ripple (Tem_rip). Several motor performances, such as magnetic field distribution across the motor, magnetic flux density distribution in the mid air gap, phase back-EMF, electromagnetic torque, and its ripple, are investigated for the initial and optimal designs of PM machines during open-circuit and on-load conditions by using FEA. The important parameter of PM machines, i.e. the magnet pole-arc and slot opening angle are taken into account. In order to determine the objective function of the GA framework, the Tem_avg and the Tem_rip are used to formulate the computing equations where the fitness value provided by the computing framework is further assessed. The GA framework is used to assess the comparison of parameters and motor performance between the initial and optimal designs of 12s/8p PM motors in terms of electromagnetic torque under BLAC operation. Consequently, the framework of FEA and GA has been proven in the design of SMPMSM, which is very viable for electric cars by reducing the magnet materials and electromagnetic torque ripple.

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