Luqman Musa
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Luqman Musa
Official Name
Luqman, Musa
Alternative Name
Musa, Luqman
Luqman., M.
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Scopus Author ID
57219027468

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  • Publication
    Potential of Rapid Tooling in rapid heat cycle molding: a review
    ( 2022)
    Nurul Hidayah Mohamad Huzaim
    ;
    Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
    ;
    Luqman Musa
    ;
    Abdellah El-hadj Abdellah
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Allan Rennie
    ;
    Rozyanty Rahman
    ;
    Sebastian Garus
    ;
    Katarzyna Błoch
    ;
    Andrei Victor Sandu
    ;
    Petrica Vizureanu
    ;
    Marcin Nabiałek
    Rapid tooling (RT) and additive manufacturing (AM) are currently being used in several parts of industry, particularly in the development of new products. The demand for timely deliveries of low-cost products in a variety of geometrical patterns is continuing to increase year by year. Increased demand for low-cost materials and tooling, including RT, is driving the demand for plastic and rubber products, along with engineering and product manufacturers. The development of AM and RT technologies has led to significant improvements in the technologies, especially in testing performance for newly developed products prior to the fabrication of hard tooling and low-volume production. On the other hand, the rapid heating cycle molding (RHCM) injection method can be implemented to overcome product surface defects generated by conventional injection molding (CIM), since the surface gloss of the parts is significantly improved, and surface marks such as flow marks and weld marks are eliminated. The most important RHCM technique is rapid heating and cooling of the cavity surface, which somewhat improves part quality while also maximizing production efficiencies. RT is not just about making molds quickly; it also improves molding productivity. Therefore, as RT can also be used to produce products with low-volume production, there is a good potential to explore RHCM in RT. This paper reviews the implementation of RHCM in the molding industry, which has been well established and undergone improvement on the basis of different heating technologies. Lastly, this review also introduces future research opportunities regarding the potential of RT in the RHCM technique.
  • Publication
    A review on the potential of polylactic acid based thermoplastic elastomer as filament material for fused deposition modelling
    ( 2022)
    Luqman Musa
    ;
    Nitiyah Krishna Kumar
    ;
    Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
    ;
    Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Rasidi
    ;
    Allan Edward Watson Rennie
    ;
    Rozyanty Rahman
    ;
    Armin Yousefi Kanani
    ;
    Ahmad Azrem Azmi
    Currently, a range of sectors are implementing three-dimensional (3D) printing, which is a part of additive manufacturing (AM) technology via the fused deposition modelling (FDM) approach. As of now, various filament materials are available in the market and have their limitations. Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blend as a filament material in 3D printing should be implemented to overcome the weakness of available filaments. TPE blend stands out due to its flexibility, thermoplastic-like processability, and renewability. Based on the findings, TPE blend filament can be made with polylactic acid (PLA) thermoplastic and elastomers such as natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). The TPE printed components will be flexible; tough with excellent thermal and mechanical properties. In this paper, the characteristics of TPE are being reviewed to show the potential of TPE material as filament.
  • Publication
    Isolation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose extracted from banana fiber in poly(lactic acid) biocomposite produced from solvent casting technique
    ( 2020-11-24)
    Luqman Musa
    ;
    Vesuanathan T.A.
    ;
    Mohd Nazry Salleh
    The purpose of this project is to extract Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from Banana fiber to produce Poly(Lactic Acid)/Microcrystalline Cellulose, (PLA/MCC) biocomposite film using a solvent casting technique. The initial phase is the production of MCC from Banana fiber by involving three steps; alkaline treatment, bleaching and acid hydrolysis. MCC produced from the different concentration of Nitric acid in the acid hydrolysis process, were used to analyze the morphological and crystalline properties using SEM and XRD respectively. MCC produced from the higher concentration of Nitric acid shows good morphological properties and higher % crystallinity. Then, MCC compounded into PLA with different filler loading to produce PLA/MCC biocomposite film using a different solvent which is Chloroform and Dichloromethane. Results show that lower MCC loading, induces good filler matrix interaction and this evidences by the improvement of the Tensile strength and Young's Modulus, as well as shows improvement in loss factor and storage modulus which studied from DMA. Moreover, the addition of MCC slightly improved the thermal stability of PLA. From using a different solvent to produce PLA/MCC biocomposite film, Dichloromethane solvent improves the tensile strength and Young's modulus of biocomposite film, while Chloroform reduces the tensile properties of biocomposite film.
  • Publication
    Effect of surface treatment on water absorption of rice husk reinforced recycled high density polyethylene (RHDPE) composites.
    ( 2021-05-03)
    Mohd Nazry Salleh
    ;
    Roslaili Abdul Aziz
    ;
    Luqman Musa
    ;
    Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Rasidi
    ;
    Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul Razak
    ;
    Hong L.Y.
    The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of surface treatment on rice husk reinforced recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) composites. Three types of surface treatments on rice husk were carried out which were maleated treatment, alkali treatment and acrylic acid treatment. Water absorption test was examined in distilled water. It showed that the lower the loading of rice husk, the lower the water absorption percentage. Maleated treatment on rice husk reinforced rHDPE has the highest resistance of water absorption tendency. Scanning electron microscope analysis of the composites showed that the lower the rice husk loading, the better the interfacial bonding of the composites. Maleated treatment of rice husk also showed that there is no gaps formed in the structure.
  • Publication
    Infrared spectroscopy of extracted and acetylated chitin in versatile deep eutectic solvents (DES)
    ( 2022-05-18)
    Suhardy Daud
    ;
    Luqman Musa
    ;
    Farizul Hafiz Kasim
    ;
    Mohd Nazry Salleh
    ;
    Nazahah Mustafa
    ;
    Ahmad Z.
    The conventional method to extract the chitin content from the crustacean shells usually uses concentrated acids and alkalis to remove impurities such as calcium carbonate and protein. However, the uses of concentrated acids and alkalis have caused many environmental issues. Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) is one of the solvents that can be used to extract the chitin content from the crustacean shells. DES has two components namely Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD) and Hydrogen Bond Acceptor (HBA). In this study, two types of DES have been used are betaine (HBA) - urea (HBD) and choline chloride (HBA) - urea (HBD). The results showed that DES betaine - urea and choline chloride - urea have extracted chitin content of 5.4609 % and 2.0020 % w/w respectively. The extracted chitins were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy method. The values of the degree of acetylation (DA) for the chitins were 103.1699 and 83.4821 respectively.
  • Publication
    Determination of degree of acetylation (DA) for chitin in deep eutectic solvents (DES)
    ( 2022-11-18)
    Suhardy Daud
    ;
    Luqman Musa
    ;
    Farizul Hafiz Kasim
    ;
    Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny
    ;
    Mohd Nazry Salleh
    ;
    Nazahah Mustafa
    ;
    Mubarak N.M.
    Degree of acetylation (DA) is an important parameter to determine the quality of chitin. Apart from the assessment on the bond structure in the chitin molecule, infrared spectroscopy is one of the methods that can be used to determine the value of DA. The DA value of chitin is an important parameter because the value indicates the purity of chitin quality. Chitin acetylation is the process of addition an acetyl substitution group (-COCH3) to a chitin chain. The addition of acetyl will improve its dispersing properties and subsequently will improve the chitin adhesion properties within hydrophobic matrix in composite materials as well. In this study, Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) was used as a medium for chitin extraction and acetylation in one single process. DES has two components namely Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD) and Hydrogen Bond Acceptor (HBA). Betaine and choline chloride were used as HBA whilst urea was selected to be utilized as HBD. The findings showed that the quantity of extracted chitins by the DESs were 5.4609 % and 2.0020 % respectively. The DA values for the extracted chitins are 103.1699 and 83.4821. For acetylated chitin in DES betaine - urea, the DA value was increased from 103.1699 to 118.4818. The findings showed that the high quality acetylated chitin can be produced in a single process involving extraction and acetylation process by using DES as a medium.
  • Publication
    Effect of Surface Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk Reinforced Recycled High Density Polyethylene (rHDPE) Composites
    ( 2020-11-24)
    Mohd Nazry Salleh
    ;
    Roslaili Abdul Aziz
    ;
    Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul Razak
    ;
    Luqman Musa
    ;
    Ying H.L.
    The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of surface treatment on rice husk reinforced recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) composites. Three types of surface treatment on rice husk were carried out which were maleated treatment, alkaline treatment and acrylic acid treatment. The characteristics and mechanical properties of the composites were analysed. The results for all treatments showed that tensile strength and break elongation of composites decreased significantly when the rice husk filler loading increased. Further findings showed that maleated treatment on rice husk can further enhance the mechanical properties due to the present of ester bond formed in FTIR analysis.
  • Publication
    Comparison between the Tensile, Water Absorption and Flammability Properties of Recycled High-Density Polyethylene/Rice Husk Composite from Twin-Screw Extruder and Heated Two-Roll Mill
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Mohd Nazry Salleh
    ;
    Roslaili Abdul Aziz
    ;
    Shan C.R.
    ;
    Luqman Musa
    ;
    Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul Razak
    ;
    Nabialek M.
    ;
    Jez B.
    This study compares the mechanical properties of recycled high-density polyethylene (r-HDPE)/rice husk (RH) composites from a twin-screw extruder and a heated two-roll mill, and the effect of different filler loadings using different melt blending processes on the mechanical properties of r-HDPE/RH composites. Polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (MAPE) acts as the coupling agent to enhance interfacial bonding between the fibre and the polymer matrix. The filler loading used was in the range of 10-40 wt. %. In this work, r-HDPE/RH blends were prepared using a twin-screw extruder and a heated two-roll mill. The ratio of 70/30 twin-screw extruder compounded composites significantly showed higher tensile based on improved to about 45.5% at 11 MPa compared to those compounded in the heated two-roll mill. The same ratio showed an increment almost up to 9% of elongation at break. It has also been verified that the higher filler loading used reduced the tensile strength and elongation at break, while the Young's modulus increased. The result was evidenced by the increase in water absorption and longer burning time as the filler loading increased.
  • Publication
    Effect of thermally treated rice husk on the rice husk/LDPE composites with and without MAPE
    ( 2022-05-18)
    Juhardi N.N.
    ;
    Mohd Nazry Salleh
    ;
    Roslaili Abdul Aziz
    ;
    Luqman Musa
    ;
    Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul Razak
    ;
    Hanafi I.
    In this project, extruded rice husk (RH) / low density polyethylene (LDPE) with and without maleic anhydride (MAPE) were thermally treated at temperatures of 105C and 125C. The duration of annealing was carried out to one and three hours before going through to the injection moulding to get the dumbbell shape for tensile testing. From the testing, the trend of results obtained where tensile and modulus of elasticity of RH/LDPE increase with temperature of 125 C which are 5 MPa and 261 MPa respectively. However, the elongation at break shows a reduction value where 105 C temperature is 12% while 125C is 8%. Results obtained for RH/LDPE with and without MAPE show the composites with added MAPE have better tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. Meanwhile, the elongation at break of composites with MAPE is lower than composites without MAPE.
  • Publication
    A review on the potential of polylactic acid based thermoplastic elastomer as filament material for fused deposition modelling
    ( 2022-09-01)
    Luqman Musa
    ;
    Krishna Kumar N.
    ;
    Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
    ;
    Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Rasidi
    ;
    Watson Rennie A.E.
    ;
    Rozyanty Rahman
    ;
    Yousefi Kanani A.
    ;
    Ahmad Azrem Azmi
    Currently, a range of sectors are implementing three-dimensional (3D) printing, which is a part of additive manufacturing (AM) technology via the fused deposition modelling (FDM) approach. As of now, various filament materials are available in the market and have their limitations. Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blend as a filament material in 3D printing should be implemented to overcome the weakness of available filaments. TPE blend stands out due to its flexibility, thermoplastic-like processability, and renewability. Based on the findings, TPE blend filament can be made with polylactic acid (PLA) thermoplastic and elastomers such as natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). The TPE printed components will be flexible; tough with excellent thermal and mechanical properties. In this paper, the characteristics of TPE are being reviewed to show the potential of TPE material as filament.
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