Lee Boon Beng
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Lee Boon Beng
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Boon Beng, Lee
Alternative Name
Lee, B. B.
Lee, Boon Beng
Boonbeng, Lee
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Scopus Author ID
55955762100

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Atomisation and vacuum drying studies on Malaysian honey encapsulation

2023 , Nurul Aisyah Rosli , Lee Boon Beng , Khairul Farihan Kasim , Che Wan Sharifah Robiah Mohamad

Malaysian honey is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, which can be a healthy alternative to refined sugar in food production. However, liquid honey’s viscous and sticky nature makes it unpreferable in industrial handling. This study, an atomization system coupled with vacuum drying to produce honey powders to overcome the problem. Three types of Malaysian honey, namely Acacia, Gelam, and Tualang, were encapsulated in Ca-alginate gel beads using the atomization system. The density viscosity, and surface tension of the honey-alginate solutions were measured, and the concentration of honey and alginate influenced the physical properties of the solutions. Honey-encapsulated gel beads in the size range of 2.16-2.92 mm were produced using the atomization system with the air-liquid mass flow rate ratios of 0.22-0.31, Weber number (We) of 112-545, and Ohnersorges number (Oh) of 0.35-10.46. Gel bead diameter can be predicted using a simple mathematical model. After vacuum drying, the honey gel powder produced was in the size range of 1.50-1.79 mm. Results showed that honey gel powders with good encapsulation efficiency and high honey loading could be produced using the atomization system and vacuum drying.

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Extraction of bioactive secondary metabolites from Citrus Axima peel via pressurized hot water extractor for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles

2024-06 , Yi-Peng Teoh , Nurdalilah Othman , Sam Sung Ting , Zhong-Xian Ooi , Liu Wei Wen , Saparu Walli , Lian-See Tan , Lee Boon Beng

Using bioactive secondary metabolites (BSM) from Citrus maxima peel extract, this work investigated a green method of synthesizing magnetite iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs). The BSM acts as a reducing cum stabilizing agent in the process. The optimization of the BSM parameters were conducted through response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal condition obtained in this study for pressurized hot water extractor (PHWE) extraction was temperature of 94.96 °C, solvent-to-solid ratio of 29.7 ml/g and extraction time of 27.6 min. BSM Yield of 49.31 % could be obtained based on this condition. The formation of Fe3O4 NPs were detected using the FTIR analysis with the absorption peaks observed at around 590 and 580 cm−1. X-ray diffraction results matched standard magnetite Fe3O4 patterns with planes at (220), (311), (400), (511) and (440). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results showed that the magnetite Fe3O4 NPs synthesized in this study predominantly appeared in spherical shape. The extraction process's kinetics were examined using various empirical models, including the Elovich’s model, Peleg’s model, Power law and parabolic diffusion model. All applied models were found to be well fitted with the measured data from experiment, with R2 values exceeding 0.9. Notably, the Peleg’s model exhibited the highest R2, the smallest RMSD, and the least significant p-values, indicating its superior performance.

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Effect of latex coating on the physical properties of Calcium Alginate beads

2023-09 , Yee-Ming Peh , Chee-Seng Lew , Lee Boon Beng , Farizul Hafiz Kasim , Akmal Hadi Ma’Radzi , Md Nabil Ab Adzim Saifuddin , Ahmad Radi Wan Yaakub , Mohd Asri Yusoff

Alginate has been commonly applied in encapsulation due to its gelling capacity, biocompatibility, and environmentally friendly properties. Alginates can produce a thermally stable and biocompatible hydrogel in the presence of divalent cations such as calcium. However, the high porosity and low physical stability of calcium alginate beads can lead to encapsulation loss and degradation of encapsulated materials. It is speculated that latex coating on the beads can overcome the issues. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effect of latex coating on the physical properties of Ca-alginate beads. An extrusion dripping method was adopted to produce Ca-alginate beads. The beads were multilayer coated with a 5% latex solution. The size and shape of uncoated and coated beads were analyzed using 2D image analysis. The thickness of the latex coating layers was measured layer by layer using a thickness gauge. The results indicated that as the number of coating layers increased, the size of the beads also increased. However, the sphericity of the beads is decreased as the number of layers of latex coating is increased. The thickness of the latex coating increased layer by layer, from 0.017 mm to 0.112 mm. In short, the calcium alginate beads can be coated by latex. The diameter of the bead is significantly increased after two layers of latex coating, and the sphericity of the beads is reduced considerably after two layers of latex coating.

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Effects of different biomass on the properties of Pleurotus Djamor eco-friendly foam

2023 , Nur Mawaddah Majib , Sam Sung Ting , Lee Boon Beng , Noorulnajwa Diyana Yaacob , Nor Munirah Rohaizad

Plastic waste and polyurethane foam are major sources of pollution that threatens environmentsâ biodiversity. The objective of the study is to create an eco-friendly foam from Pleorotus djamor mycelium, rice husk and sugarcane bagasse. The mushroom industryâ s overabundance of materials, like oyster mushrooms and biomass, has provided an alternative method to make foam that could be beneficial for the environment. The biomass, consisting of rice husk and sugarcane bagasse, both of which are necessary for the production of foam, was evaluated as a substrate. Pleurotus djamor was inoculated on both substrates and test was done on both produced foams. Mechanical tests showed that rice husk foam had higher hardness and less springy than sugarcane bagasse foam. The morphology of both foams was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the results show that sugarcane bagasse foam is denser than rice husk foam.

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Comparative study on mechanisms of gases release from Ca-alginate beads

2024 , Yee-Ming Peh , Lee Boon Beng , Farizul Hafiz Kasim , Akmal Hadi Ma’Radzi , Ahmad Radi Wan Yaakub , Hafizah Mohd Johar , D.F.A. Riza , N. Izza , K. Gustinasari , I.K. Maharsih , W.B. Sunarharum , M. Nurcholis , B.S.D. Dewanti , V.T. Widayanti , E. Mufidah , I. Qisthiya , D. Karadag , S. Idrus , H. Umakoshi , Y.C. Lee , D. Fatchurrahman , M. Zhu , K.A. Omwange , T. Addini

Calcium alginate (Ca-alginate) beads have attracted considerable attention as carriers for the controlled release of volatile compounds due to their biocompatibility and tunable properties. This study aimed to compare the release of ethylene and carbon dioxide gas from Ca-alginate beads. Ca-alginate beads were prepared from a sodium alginate solution containing ethephon and calcium carbonate as the gas-forming agent. The resulting solution was then extruded into a calcium chloride solution. The gas release behavior was studied by monitoring the concentration of released gases over time using gas detectors. Extrusion tip diameter, alginate concentration and gas-releasing agent concentration were systematically varied to assess their effect on the gas release rate. The results indicated distinct release patterns for ethylene and carbon dioxide gas. Ethylene gas exhibited a relatively slower and sustained release, while carbon dioxide gas exhibited a more rapid release. Moreover, the bead size influenced the gas release, with larger beads displaying faster release rates for ethylene and carbon dioxide gas. The concentration of alginate also played a role in modulating the release kinetics, with higher alginate concentration resulting in slower gas release. The findings have implications for designing and optimizing Ca-alginate-based systems for agricultural applications, including plant hormone delivery and modified atmosphere packaging.

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Effect of Process Variables on Gas Release from Free and Latex-Coated Calcium Alginate Beads

2024 , Yee-Ming Peh , Lee Boon Beng , Farizul Hafiz Kasim , Akmal Hadi Ma’Radzi , Sakthi Balaji , Ahmad Radi Wan Yaakub , Hafizah Mohd Johar , Mohd Asri Yusoff

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