Khor Shing Fhan
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Khor Shing Fhan
Official Name
Shing Fhan, Khor
Alternative Name
Khor, S. F.
Fhan, Khor Shing
Shing, Fhan Khor
Khor, Shing F.
Shing Fhan, Khor
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
35242874900
Researcher ID
W-7216-2019

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  • Publication
    The thermal behavior of cordierite-based ceramic with the substitution of treated flue gas desulfurization sludge in the non-stoichiometric cordierite composition
    (Springer, 2023)
    Fatin Fatini Othman
    ;
    Banjuraizah Johar
    ;
    Khor Shing Fhan
    ;
    Nik Akmar Rejab
    ;
    Suffi Irni Alias
    The substitution of FGD sludge that is rich with a glass-forming agent in non-stoichiometric cordierite composition is able to crystallize α-cordierite at the low sintering temperature, 1250 °C via solid-state reaction methods. Even though the substitution of MgO with FGD sludge can reduce the sintering temperature, the physical and mechanical properties of cordierite-based ceramic with FGD sludge are depleted due to the decomposition of SO3 took place during the sintering process and thus lead to the formation of voids in the ceramic. Thus, this paper is focusing on the thermal properties of cordierite-based ceramic when subjected to a high sintering temperature, 1000 °C using a dilatometric test. Different wt% of treated FGD sludge substitution gave a different type of CTE value, but 3.0 wt% of FGD sludge is able to obtain the lowest CTE value, 2.26 × 10–6/°C, compared to other samples as this sample obtains a single phase of α-cordierite phases.
  • Publication
    The mechanochemical process and Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„ treatment on the rehydration of Anhydrite from FGD sludge into Gypsum and Hemihydrate
    (Springer, 2023)
    Fatin Fatini Othman
    ;
    Banjuraizah Johar
    ;
    Khor Shing Fhan
    ;
    Nik Akmar Rejab
    ;
    Suffi Irni Alias
    The rehydration of anhydrite (CaSO₄) leads to the crystallization of gypsum (CaSO₄⋅2H₂O) has been widely studied. Different process parameter had been conducted on anhydrite from the flue gas desulphurization (fgd) sludge to identify its ability to be reused as synthetic gypsum. A mechanochemical process using a high-energy planetary mill would break down the particle size and enhance the reaction of Ca²+ and SO₄ ²− with water while additives modify the number of ions present in the sample during the hydration. Difference hydrothermal temperatures (80 and 130 °C) for 30 min were conducted to dehydrate the synthetic gypsum from fgd sludge to hemihydrate (CaSO₄⋅0.5H₂O) to identify its potential to replace natural gypsum during the plaster of Paris production. The sample without a mechanochemical process wasn’t able to crystallize a high amount of gypsum while sample with 5 × 10–4 mol−1 of H₂SO₄ additive was able to crystallize a high amount of gypsum from the fgd sludge. After undergoing the hydrothermal process, all of the samples were able to crystallize hemihydrate at low-intensity peak due to the favourable of hemihydrate crystal’s growth at plane [31-3] only, which leads to the preferred orientation of hemihydrate crystal.
  • Publication
    The effect of treated flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sludge addition on the properties of non-stoichiometric cordierite
    ( 2025-01)
    Fatin Fatini Othman
    ;
    Banjuraizah Johar
    ;
    Khor Shing Fhan
    ;
    Suffi Irni Alias
    ;
    Nik Akmar Rejab
    This study examines the incorporation of treated Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) by-products from the glass industry in Malaysia into non-stoichiometric cordierite compositions, focusing on its effects on the physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties. New ceramic samples were developed using a blend of kaolin, silica, talc, and treated FGD sludge. The results indicate that increasing the amount of treated FGD sludge leads to desirable properties such as a low thermal coefficient of expansion (2.62 – 3.64 x 10-6/ ℃), reduced density, and decreased average flexural strength (34.43 – 54.69 MPa), along with an increase in average porosity (17.04 - 31.90 %). Notably, ceramics that were treated with 3 wt% FGD sludge crystallized α-cordierite at a lower sintering temperature (1250 ℃), whereas traditional solid-state reaction methods need higher temperatures (>1350 ℃) to make α-cordierite. Overall, replacing feldspar with treated FGD sludge in non-stoichiometric cordierite formulations presents a sustainable strategy for recycling industrial waste and reducing the need for natural resources. The resulting materials exhibit characteristics suitable for lightweight construction applications, such as commercial bricks, due to their light weight, adequate flexural strength, and appropriate porosity.
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