Ishak Ibrahim
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Preferred name
Ishak Ibrahim
Official Name
Ibrahim, Ishak
Alternative Name
Ibrahim, I. I.
Ibrahim, I.
Ibrahim, Ismail I
Ibrahim, Ishak
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57204245156
Researcher ID
ABB-6635-2020

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Determination of effective elastic properties of metal matrix composites with damage particulates using homogenization method

2017-10-29 , Halim S.Z. , Khairul Salleh Basaruddin , Ishak Ibrahim , Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid , Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir

The present study aims to investigate the effect of micro-damage in particulates metal matrix composite on the elastic properties. The micro damage that perhaps could occurs during manufacturing process or due to environmental effects was modelled in three different types, namely shattered, debonded and breakage particulates with variation of volume fraction. The modelling and analysis were conducted based on homogenization theory by utilizing multiscale finite element software (Voxelxon). The results suggest that the elastic properties of metal matrix composite was sensitive to the geometrical defects of its particle.

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Engine Performance Analysis by Studying Heat Transfer in the Valve Seat through Steady-State Thermal Simulation

2021-12-14 , Mohamad Aniq Syazwan Mohamed Hassan , Shahriman Abu Bakar , Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan , Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin , Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad , Mohd Sani Mohamad Hashim , Azizi Harun , Ishak Ibrahim , Azizul Aziz I. , Zunaidi Ibrahim , Mohd Khairul Faizi Abd Rahman , Muhammad Faiz Hilmi Rani , Anas Abdul Rahman , Mohd Afendi Rojan , Rishan Murali

As the engine reached high speed, the exhaust valve temperature increased exponentially due to the exhaust gas produced by the combustion process between the mixture of air and fuel within the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The valve is subjected to thermal loading due to high temperature and pressure within the cylinder, which must withstand a material temperature for sustainable and optimal operation. To avoid this loss, a perfect medium must be prepared to ensure that the heat is extracted smoothly. This can be done when the valve is in contact with the seat and there is a periodic heat transfer contact. Therefore, it is imperative to research the correlation between valve and valve seat to understand the two sections' heat transfer mechanism. In this study, thermal contact analysis was used to identify heat transfer between the valve and the valve seat as both parts are interconnected. This research also has an interest in studying the two surface conduction mechanisms as the exhaust valve closed in steady-state conditions. Thus, this study portrays a significant method, particularly for the determining the distribution of temperature, heat flux, and heat flux direction between the valve and its seat using ANSYS Workbench.

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Parametric investigation on different bone densities to avoid thermal necrosis during bone drilling process

2021-10-25 , Islam M.A. , Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin , Suhaimi M.F.F. , Ruslizam Daud , Ishak Ibrahim , Mat F.

Bone drilling is a universal surgical procedure commonly used for internal fracture fixation, implant placement, or reconstructive surgery in orthopedics and dentistry. The increased temperature during such treatment increases the risk of thermal penetration of the bone, which may delay healing or compromise the fixation's integrity. Thus, avoiding penetration during bone drilling is critical to ensuring the implant's stability, which needs surgical drills with an optimized design. Bovine femur and mandible bones are chosen as the work material since human bones are not available, and they are the closest animal bone to human bone in terms of properties. In the present study, the Taguchi fractional factorial approach was used to determine the best design of surgical drills by comparing the drilling properties (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio and temperature rise). The control factors (spindle speed, drill bit diameter, drill site depth, and their levels) were arranged in an L9 orthogonal array. Drilling experiments were done using nine experimental drills with three repetitions. The findings of this study indicate that the ideal values of the surgical drill's three parameters combination (S1D1Di2) and their percentage contribution are dependent on the drilling levels of the parameters. However, the result shows that the spindle speed has the highest temperature effect among other parameters in both (femur and mandible) bones.

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Thermal Management System Analysis Concentrate on Air Forced Cooling for Small Space Compartment and Heat Load

2021-12-01 , Yahaya M.N. , Ghani A.Z.A. , Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan , Rahman A.A. , Bakar S.A. , Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad , Harun A. , Hashim M.S.M. , Mohd Khairul Faizi Abd Rahman , Ishak Ibrahim , Kamarrudin N.S.

Battery thermal management system (BTMS) plays an important thing as to control of the battery thermal behaviours. Recently, most of the manufacturer either in automobile, motorcycle, and electric vehicle (EV) industry are using this application of BTMS for their product. It is because BTMS promising the extend the period and lifespan of the battery and the battery system controlling the temperature distribution and circulation on the system. Lithium-ion battery is one of the common usages in BTMS. Lithium-ion battery promising the goals such as higher performance, better cycle stability, and improved protection are being followed with the selection and engineering of acceptable electrode materials. It also shows a goal for future such as high of the energy storage due to higher energy density by weight among other rechargeable batteries. However, there still have factor that are limiting the performance/application when using lithium-ion as battery thermal management system (BTMS). For example, the performance, cost, life, and protection of the battery. The main reason is therefore important in order to achieve optimum efficiency whenworking under different conditions. Hence, the best range of temperature and the cooling capacity of lithium-ion battery need to evaluate in order to increasing the lifespan of lithium-ion battery at the same time can increasing the performance of the cell. This study found that the higher the velocity of air, the higher the cooling capacity that gain from the surrounding. It also was strongly related to the dry bulb temperature of surrounding air.

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Finite element analysis of proximal femur under static loading during sideway fall

2023 , Wong Kah Poh , Fauziah Che Mat , Fauzan Djamaluddin , Masniezam Ahmad , Nur Saifullah Kamaruddin , Ruslizam Daud , Ishak Ibrahim

A femoral fracture happens when the femur gains a very high stress concentration during fall and may results in femur fracture. In fact, most of fall-related cases occur in sideways fall. Bone fracture leads to life quality impairment and even life threatening. In this study, the effect of quasi-static loading on the femur bone during sideway fall is investigated by employing Finite Element (FE) software, ANSYS. The FE model is developed and simulated in the different fall conditions; inclination angle of 10° and rotation angle from -20° to 30°. The capacity of the bone is evaluated in terms of von Mises stress and deformation. The highest stress concentration is found at femoral neck region. 30° rotation angle with 10° inclination angle is observed as the critical loading direction at which the femoral neck may results in fracture. The understanding of the effect of loading magnitude and direction on the femoral bone capacity obtained herewith is useful in assisting the medical practitioner to provide better treatment and reduce repeated treatment cases.

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Numerical evaluation of aluminium 6026-T9 fracture toughness

2021-10-25 , Zulkifli A.N. , Muhamad Safwan Muhamad Azmi , Ishak Ibrahim , Hashim M.S.M. , Ismail A.H. , Mohd Nasir Ayob

Fracture is the separation of an object into two or more pieces caused by crack growth under the action of applied stress. There are many different methods for fracture evaluation has been made but still lacks information on properties of Aluminium 6026-T9. Aluminium 6026 is non-toxic since it does not contain Tin (Sn) and features a great corrosion resistance. This study focuses on the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of Aluminium 6026-T9. The material is cut and shaped into dog-bone specimens by referring the ASTM E8 and was eventually undergoing a tensile test to evaluate the mechanical properties. A linear elastic analysis of three different crack characteristics which are single edge crack, double edge crack and center crack were performed in Mode I analysis to evaluate its fracture toughness. The stress intensity factor (SIF) value near the crack tip obtained from the simulation process were then compared with analytical value and had been discussed. The percentage of error found that the numerical and analytical values are closed to each other.

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Development of a Novel Aeration Measurement System to Evaluate Water Treatment Process in a River

2021-12-14 , Muhammad Faiz Hilmi Rani , Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin , Shahriman Abu Bakar , Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan , Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad , Mohd Sani Mohamad Hashim , Ishak Ibrahim , Anas Abdul Rahman , Ibrahim Z. , Mohd Khairul Faizi Abd Rahman , Mohamad Aniq Syazwan Mohamed Hassan , Abd Manap A.A. , Zainuddin I.F.

A novel aeration measurement system was developed to evaluate the water treatment process in a river to acquire a more comparable dissolved oxygen value even if various types of aerations are tested. The system comprises of DO sensor, water flowmeter, anemometer, PVC pipes, water pump, air compressor pump, and truck tyre tubes. The PVC pipes consisting of a main drainage hole, 5 holes for dissolve oxygen data collection, 1 hole as the location of aerator system, and connectors were designed as the major part of the system by using Computer Aided Design software. The main drainage hole (horizontal pipe) was designed to be 288.5 cm in length, while the measured holes (vertical pipes) were designed to be 45.7 cm in height. By considering a systematic approach, the designed system is hopefully able to solve measuring issue of dissolved oxygen in moving water and to provide a better evaluation of water treatment process.

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Improvement of Dissolved Oxygen in Perlis River based on Various Aeration Systems

2021-12-14 , Muhammad Faiz Hilmi Rani , Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin , Shahriman Abu Bakar , Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan , Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad , Mohd Sani Mohamad Hashim , Ishak Ibrahim , Anas Abdul Rahman , Ibrahim Z. , Mohd Khairul Faizi Abd Rahman , Mohamad Aniq Syazwan Mohamed Hassan , Abd Manap A.A. , Zainuddin I.F.

Water pollution is closely related to the Water Quality Index (WQI). One of the parameters in classifying WQI is dissolved oxygen (DO) that can be improved by introducing the surface and subsurface aerations. Herein, the Perlis River's water quality was investigated by evaluating the DO's improvement based on various aeration systems. The changes of DO (mg/L) and DO improvement (%) were evaluated during both low and high tide conditions. A total of 9 sets of data collection had been studied by comparing base DO (without running of aeration) and measured DO (with running of aeration) of river. The DO sensor was used to measure the changes of DO in the aeration measurement system. Results found that the DO improvement managed to achieve 74.89%, 10.18%, 35.58%, and 52.45% for water jet, air compressor, commercial venturi, and DIY venturi, respectively. Besides, different behaviour of DO's improvement was observed during low and high tide conditions.

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CFD Simulation on Improving Water Quality based on Various Aerator Models to Demonstrate Cost Performance Analysis

2021-12-14 , Nazrul Najmi Norbashah , Muhammad Faiz Hilmi Rani , Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin , Shahriman Abu Bakar , Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan , Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad , Mohd Sani Mohamad Hashim , Ishak Ibrahim , Anas Abdul Rahman , Ibrahim Z. , Mohd Khairul Faizi Abd Rahman , Mohamad Aniq Syazwan Mohamed Hassan , Abd Manap A.A. , Zainuddin I.F.

There are many types of aerator that can be used to perform a water treatment process either from air to water or from water to air approaches. Other than focusing on the performance itself, the usage cost of aerator should be forecasted in detail too to have a sustainable and economical method in remediating the polluted water. Therein, the cost performance analysis was demonstrated by performing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation on improving water quality based on various aerator models. The simulation was focused in a small-scale aeration tank that consists of a mixing chamber, air duct, and a few of bubble diffusers. The improvement of water quality was assessed by calculating the number of gas bubble particles produced by 4 different configurations of aerator model, namely aerator model A, B, C and D, respectively. Results found that the aerator model D (5 bubble diffuser at 620 L/min) produces the highest number of gas particles up to 72.2%. However, the aerator model C (5 bubble diffuser at 300 L/min) was found to achieve the most efficient and sustainable approach based on energy consuming and cost of aerator configuration when compared to the other aerator models.

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Determination of blind spot zone for motorcycles

2019-12-02 , Mohd Sani Mohamad Hashim , Hamati A.A.A. , Mohd Hafzi M.I. , Shahriman Abu Bakar , Abdul Halim Ismail , Muhamad Safwan Muhamad Azmi , Azizi Harun , Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan , Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin , Ishak Ibrahim , Mohd Khairul Faizi Abd Rahman , Mohd Asrul Md Saad , Mohd Afendi Rojan

The problem of the blind spot zone (BSZ) for motorcycles is common, as it causes many accidents that occur between motorcycles and cars, or motorcycles with other vehicles. The problem of BSZ is occurring for many reasons, such as if the motorcyclist wants to change the lane or manoeuvre or turn without realizing the presence of other vehicle which may cause a terrible collision and leads to casualties, either because of darkness, the full dependence on side mirrors that give a limited scope of vision, or due to a malfunction in the front lights of the car that prevented the motorcyclists from recognizing it. However there were limited research on identifation of BSZ for motorcycle, even though most vehicle accidents in Malaysia involved motorcycles. This paper discusses the initial works on the identification of BSZ for motorcyles. Three types of motorcycles were used to determine the BSZ using grid-based technique. From the data collected, the BSZ was identified for the motorcycles.

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