Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
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Preferred name
Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
Official Name
Hairul Nazirah, Abdul Halim
Alternative Name
Abdul Halim, Hairul Nazirah
Abdul Halim, H. N.
Hairul, N. A.H.
Abdul Halim, Hairul N.
Halim, H. N.A.
Halim, Hairul N.Abdul
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
23388800300
Researcher ID
FYZ-8202-2022

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  • Publication
    Photocatalytic degradation of phenol in a fluidized bed reactor utilizing immobilized TiO2 photocatalyst: Characterization and process studies
    ( 2011)
    Zulfakar Mokhtar
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    H.M.R. Akmal
    ;
    M. Abdul Rahman
    Remediation of hazardous materials in water has emerged as a top priority over the years. Organic pollutants in water are one of the major constituents in water pollution. Phenol is one of the organic pollutants which are commonly found in the effluent of industries such as petroleum refineries and petrochemicals. Conventional treatment techniques such as filtration and flocculation and carbon adsorption have limitations of their own. Thus, photocatalysis offers a possible alternative in treating wastewater effluent containing phenols. This study attempts to evaluate photocatalytic degradation of phenol in a fluidized bed reactor. Immobilized TiO2 supported onto quartz sand was used as the photocatalyst and characterized using SEM, EDX and XRD analysis. The performance of the supported photocatalyst is evaluated in different operating parameters such as photocatalyst loading and initial phenol concentration.
  • Publication
    Kinetics and Effects of Process Parameters on Oil Adsorption using Activated Carbon from Rubber Seed Kernels (Hevea brasiliensis)
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Aswadi M.A.H.
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Nasaruddin N.F.N.
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Zulfakar Mokhtar
    ;
    Tan L.S.
    ;
    Jusoh N.W.C.
    Wastewater contaminated with oil discharged from food processing industries need to be treated properly in order to avoid clogging the drainage and sewerage systems. The removal of oil via the adsorption technique using biomass as a low-cost adsorbent was proposed in this study. Rubber seed kernels (RSKs) were used as the raw material to synthesise activated carbon. The RSKs were impregnated with 10 wt% of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and carbonised at 500 °C to produce rubber seed kernel activated carbon (RSKAC). Different parameters were included in batch adsorption studies, namely, contact time (30 to 240 min), activated carbon dosage (0.5 to 2.5 g), and temperature (25 to 65 °C). The performance of each process parameter was evaluated based on the adsorption capacity of oil onto the synthesised RSKAC. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models were applied to analyse oil adsorption kinetics using RSKAC. Based on the experimental results, the highest oil adsorption was achieved at 150 min of contact time, 2.5 g of RSKAC, and at a temperature of 35 °C. Oil adsorption using RSKAC in this study followed the pseudo-second order kinetics model. These findings revealed that RSKAC could be synthesised as a low-cost adsorbent for oil adsorption.
  • Publication
    Potential of Pretreated Spent Coffee Ground as Adsorbent for Oil Adsorption
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Nasaruddin N.F.N.
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Zulfakar Mokhtar
    ;
    Tan L.S.
    ;
    Jusoh N.W.C.
    Spent Coffee Ground (SCG) has the potential of becoming a low-cost adsorbent for oil removal. However, the effectiveness of SCG as an oil adsorbent is limited by its hydrophilicity. In this work, chemical pretreatment of SCG with acid and alkali was evaluated as a means of enhancing its performance for adsorbing palm cooking oil. The surface morphology of raw and pretreated SCG samples was characterised using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The functional groups were analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A comparison between adsorption performances was performed in terms of contact time in batch adsorption experiments to determine the adsorption capacity of SCG-based adsorbents with oil. The SEM results showed that more developed pores were present on the acid- and alkali-treated SCG samples compared to on the raw SCG sample, while the FTIR results indicated the elimination of hydrophilic cellulose and hemicellulose on these samples. According to these results, both acid- and alkali-treated SCG have better tendencies of adsorbing oil compared to raw SCG. The maximum oil adsorption capacity (2.549 g/g) occurred after 150 min of contact time between alkali-treated SCG adsorbents and oil.
  • Publication
    New porous amine-functionalized biochar-based desiccated coconut waste as efficient CO2 adsorbents
    ( 2024-03-01)
    Zakaria D.S.
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Mohamad S.
    ;
    Zheng G.K.
    Climate change caused by the greenhouse gases CO2 remains a topic of global concern. To mitigate the excessive levels of anthrophonic CO2 in the atmosphere, CO2 capture methods have been developed and among these, adsorption is an especially promising method. This paper presents a series of amine functionalized biochar obtained from desiccated coconut waste (amine-biochar@DCW) for use as CO2 adsorbent. They are ethylenediamine-functionalized biochar@DCW (EDA-biochar@DCW), diethylenetriamine-functionalized biochar@DCW (DETA-biochar@DCW), triethylenetetramine-functionalized biochar@DCW (TETA-biochar@DCW), tetraethylenepentamine-functionalized biochar@DCW (TEPA-biochar@DCW), and pentaethylenehexamine-functionalized biochar@DCW (PEHA-biochar@DCW). The adsorbents were obtained through amine functionalization of biochar and they are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The CO2 adsorption study was conducted isothermally and using a thermogravimetric analyzer. From the results of the characterization analyses, a series of amine-biochar@DCW adsorbents had larger specific surface area in the range of 16.2 m2/g–37.1 m2/g as compare to surface area of pristine DCW (1.34 m2/g). Furthermore, the results showed an increase in C and N contents as well as the appearance of NH stretching, NH bending, CN stretching, and CN bending, suggesting the presence of amine on the surface of biochar@DCW. The CO2 adsorption experiment shows that among the amine modified biochar adsorbents, TETA-biochar@DCW has the highest CO2 adsorption capacity (61.78 mg/g) when using a mass ratio (m:m) of biochar@DCW:TETA (1:2). The adsorption kinetics on the TETA-biochar@DCW was best fitted by the pseudo-second model (R2 = 0.9998), suggesting the adsorption process occurs through chemisorption. Additionally, TETA-biochar@DCW was found to have high selectivity toward CO2 gas and good reusability even after five CO2 adsorption–desorption cycles. The results demonstrate the potential of novel CO2 adsorbents based on amine functionalized on desiccated coconut waste biochar. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)
  • Publication
    Performance of fatty acid-modified spent coffee grounds as a potential adsorbent for oil adsorption
    ( 2022-11-18)
    Nasaruddin N.F.N.
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Zulfakar Mokhtar
    ;
    Tan L.S.
    ;
    Jusoh N.W.C.
    Problems caused by fats, oils, and grease (FOG) in sewer systems have escalated over the years. FOG produced from households, restaurants, stalls, and food processing facilities have contaminated water resources through the sewer system. Thus, trace removal of oil from wastewater is a necessary measure to ensure minimal discharge of FOG into the environment. In the present study, due to the high volumes of coffee waste with no commercial value being generated daily, spent coffee grounds (SCG) were exploited as an oil adsorbent. However, due to their low hydrophobicity, SCG tend to have limited oil adsorption capacity. In this work, SCG underwent pre-treatment using alkali and were further modified with waste cooking oil (WCO) that contained free fatty acids (FFAs) at different ratios (1:10, 1:20, and 1:30) in order to enhance their oil adsorption performance. The performance of the synthesised adsorbents was tested in a batch adsorption process at different contact times. From the batch adsorption test, the highest oil adsorption capacity (2.807 ± 0.086?g/g) was observed using the 1:10 ratio of SCG to FFAs-WCO within 180?min of contact time.
  • Publication
    Amine functionalized carbon-based soybean curd residues (SCR) as potential adsorbent for carbon dioxide adsorption
    ( 2021-05-24)
    Zakaria D.S.
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Mohamad S.
    Currently, carbon dioxide (CO2) capture can preserve environmental quality by using carbon- based adsorbent. In this research, Polyethylenehexamine (PEHA) functionalized carbon-based soybean curd residues (carbonized SCR-PEHA) was prepared for CO2 adsorption. Analysis of functional groups of the prepared adsorbent using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), confirmed the functionalization of PEHA on the carbonized SCR. CO2 uptake of the carbonized SCR-PEHA was compared with the bare SCR using Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) analysis. TGA results revealed that the adsorption capacity of CO2 for carbonized SCR-PEHA and bare SCR are 8.816 mg/g and 3.027 mg/g respectively. It was observed that functionalization of the PEHA on the surface of carbonized SCR had improved the adsorption capacity of CO2 by 2.92 times as compared to bare SCR. The phenomenon can be explained from the interaction of the CO2 with the available amine sites provided for the carbonized SCR-PEHA which significantly improved the CO2 adsorption. Hence, the carbonized SCR-PEHA demonstrate potential adsorbent for CO2.
  • Publication
    Potential of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol solution as absorbent for CO2 absorption from biogas
    ( 2021-05-24)
    Rajiman V.
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Shariff A.M.
    ;
    Ali U.F.M.
    ;
    Mohd Irfan Hatim Mohamed Dzahir
    Biogas is a source of clean energy that mainly consists of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). However, the presence of CO2 in biogas limits the heating value of the gas. Thus, biogas upgrading is a crucial process for reducing the CO2 content in raw biogas for purified biomethane production. Chemical absorption is a matured technology for CO2 removal process. The selection of chemical solvent with desirable characteristics is a substantial consideration for the effectiveness of the process. In this work, a potential solvent, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) was tested for the removal of CO2 from simulated biogas. The absorption process was conducted at different gas flow rates (22.1 kmol/m2.hr and 26.5 kmol/m2.hr) in a packed column at an operating pressure of 2 bars. The performance was evaluated in terms of percentage of CO2 removal along the column. It was found that the CO2 removal performance decreased by about 15 % at higher gas flow rates. Besides, the absorption efficiency of AMP was also compared with a well-established solvent, monoethanolamine (MEA). The experiment substantiated that 30 wt.% MEA effectively captured CO2 with 100 % removal as compared to 30 wt.% and 40 wt.% AMP with only 69 % and 87 % removal. In order to achieve high reaction rate for efficient CO2 removal, the addition of activator to form a blended amine solution with AMP was suggested to accelerate the CO2 absorption performance.
  • Publication
    Performance of Alkali-Treated Spent Coffee Ground as Potential Adsorbent for Oil Adsorption
    ( 2023-06-09)
    Nasaruddin N.F.N.
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Zulfakar Mokhtar
    ;
    Tan L.S.
    ;
    Jusoh N.W.C.
    The increase in food industrial and domestic activities have led to massive generations of oily wastewater with high proportions of fat, oil, and grease (FOG). The growing awareness of the detrimental effects of oil pollutants on the aquatic population and the economy, has made the minimal discharge of FOG into the environment a compulsory mitigative measure. In this work, spent coffee grounds (SCGs) were exploited as an oil adsorbent to minimize the amount of SCGs that are primarily discarded as waste. SCGs were pre-treated with alkali to enhance their performance for adsorbing oil. Batch adsorption tests that consisted of contact time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature for oil adsorption, were carried out to analyse the performance of the alkali-treated SCGs. Based on the results, the maximum oil adsorption capacity was obtained after 150 min of contact time between 0.5g of alkali-treated SCG adsorbents and oil, at 25 °C. These alkali-treated SCGs have also shown the potential for converting wastes into efficient green oil adsorbents.
  • Publication
    Enhanced Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide by Phosphoric Acid-Modified Soybean Curd Residue Biochar
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Zakaria D.S.
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Mohamad S.
    ;
    Mat Hussin S.A.
    Biochar is being increasingly applied for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture to preserve environmental quality. The use of soybean waste, soybean curd residue (SCR) as CO2 adsorbents can help to reduce the uncontrolled disposal of SCR. In this research, SCR-based biochar (Biochar@SCR) was prepared by pyrolysis process. For chemical activation, Biochar@SCR was immersed for 12 hours in 42.5 wt.% H3PO4 solution at 1:1 ratio (g precursor/g H3PO4) to obtain Biochar@SCR-M1. Biochar@SCR-M2 was produced when Biochar@SCR-M1 was pyrolyzed again at 5000C for 2 hours. Elemental and functional groups analyses showed the presence of elemental phosphorus (P) and functional groups of P=O or P=OOH for Biochar@SCR-M1 and Biochar@SCR-M2, suggesting the chemical modification using H3PO4 was successful. Morphological analysis revealed the formation of pores after the pyrolysis process and chemical treatment with H3PO4. Analysis of CO2 adsorption depicted that the adsorption capacities of SCR, Biochar@SCR, Biochar@SCR-M1, and Biochar@SCR-M2 were 3.00 mg/g, 25.21 mg/g, 30.50 mg/g, and 36.00 mg/g, respectively. This result proved the increased CO2 sorption for H3PO4-treated Biochar@SCR, suggesting that phosphoric acid modification is an effective method for preparing biochar with high carbon dioxide adsorption.
  • Publication
    An integrated DFT calculation and adsorption study of desiccated coconut waste-based biochar in CO2 environment
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Rafizah Rahamathullah
    ;
    Zakaria D.S.
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Razak F.I.A.
    ;
    Sapari S.
    Abstract: This study presents a new series of amine-functionalized biochar derived from desiccated coconut waste (amine-biochar@DCW) as potential CO2 adsorbents. The CO2 adsorption experiment revealed that TETA-biochar@DCW had the highest adsorption capacity of 61.78 mg/g. Prior to the experimental studies, Density Functional Theory (DFT) was conducted at B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) to evaluate the energy band gap, global chemical reactivity descriptors (GCRD), and molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP) to compare the experimental findings. The results from the simulated data indicate that TETA-biochar@DCW has the lowest HOMO–LUMO gap at 2.7890 eV before adsorption, and it increases after CO2 adsorption occurs. The 3D plots from MEP also show that TETA-biochar@DCW is a reactive adsorbent for CO2 gases. Overall, the theoretical and experimental results of the amine-biochar@DCW suggest its potential as a promising and cost-effective adsorbent for CO2 capture. Highlights: • Newly prepared amine-biochar@DCW was assessed as CO2 adsorbents. • TETA-biochar@DCW presents the highest CO2 capture capacity. • TETA substituents significantly reduce the HOMO-LUMO gap values. • 3D MEP plots confirm the adsorption ability of TETA-biochar@DCW towards CO2 gases. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]