Hafiza Shukor
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Preferred name
Hafiza Shukor
Official Name
Hafiza, Shukor
Alternative Name
Hafiza, S.
Shukor, H.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
56248038900
Researcher ID
AAK-7519-2020

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Green Renewable Energy: Microbial Fuel Cell Technology

2023-01-01 , Tuesday M. , Pusphanathan K. , Sobri M.F.M. , Makhtar M.M.Z. , Shoparwe N.F. , Hafiza Shukor

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a bio-electrochemical system designed to generate energy by using electrons obtained from biological processes catalyzed by microorganisms. In MFCs, electrons are transmitted from the anode compartment (the negative terminal) to the cathode compartment (the positive terminal) via a conductive substance. Electrons are mixed with oxygen at the cathode, while protons diffuse via a proton exchange membrane. MFCs need continuous electron release from the anode and electron consumption from the cathode. Using microorganisms for effective conversion, MFC technology promises to produce clean energy from waste products produced by civilization. This technology, in contrast to renewable energy sources, recycles trash and energy created by our civilization and returns them to us, therefore reducing the adverse side effects of environmental degradation. This article examines the historical pattern of energy usage in Malaysia. In conjunction with that, this paper will review the principles of MFCs. Several designs of microbial fuel cells are utilized in this study. There has been variation in power density outcomes. Single-chamber, double-chamber, tubular, and flat-plate MFCs are examples of MFCs. Nonetheless, double-chamber and single-chamber MFCs are the focus of this paper. The substrate utilized affects the performance of MFCs; thus, several widely used substrates are also examined.

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Cyclic voltammetry studies of bioanode microbial fuel fells from batch culture of Geobacter sulfurreducens

2021-05-24 , Shoparwe N.F. , Makhtar M.M.Z. , Sata S.A. , Kew W.S. , Mohamad M. , Hafiza Shukor

The present study aims to investigate the performance of batch culture of Geobacter sulfurreducens (G. sulfurreducens) for electrical current generation via cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. The CV study was performed with an applied voltage in the range of -0.1 to 0.1 V against the standard calomel electrode (SCE) during the cell growth and attachment of G. sulfurreducens on graphite felt and initial acetate concentration of 20 mM. The kinetics of electrode reaction was investigated by conducting CV experiments at different scanning rates of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 mVs-1. The diffusion coefficients (D) and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ko) of both anodic and cathodic process were 1.04 x10-5 cm2.s-1, 1.73x10-6 cm2.s-1, 0.0004 cm.s-1 and 0.0011 cm.s-1, respectively. The obtained results showed that the anode exhibits high bioeletrocatalytic activity due to the attachment of G. sulfurreducens on the anode surface.

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Bioconversion of Malaysia renewable energy resources to biobutanol

2022-01-01 , Hafiza Shukor , Jalil R. , Shoparwe N.F.

Production of biofuel from renewable resources has gained interest to the government’s, researchers and policymakers throughout the world due to the depletion of conventional fuels and environmental issues. As a country that is rich in various types of bioresources, Malaysia can be one of the top biofuel producers in Asia. Several types of biofuels can be produced from these resources, including biobutanol, four-carbon alcohol that has outstanding characteristics more similar to gasoline. Thus, this chapter will begin with an overview of biobutanol production and the possibility of Malaysia bioresources as a feedstock in biobutanol production. The role of the government in existing policies and action plans towards the development of Malaysia's renewable energy industry also has been analysed. Subsequently, several challenges and resolutions related to the development of biobutanol production were also addressed. The potential of biobutanol to replace gasoline and the economics of ABE fermentation in biobutanol production will be the last part of this chapter. Overall, this chapter will give a better understanding and view of the current situation on biobutanol production using Malaysia's renewable resources.

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Enhanced Production of Levulinic Acid from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

2024-01-01 , Chuaboon L. , Saengsen C. , Sookbampen O. , Yang E. , Hafiza Shukor , Chisti Y. , Rongwong W.

Levulinic acid (LA) was produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) pretreated in two different ways: (1) a two-step treatment with peracetic acid (PA) and alkaline peroxide (AP); and (2) an ammonia soak pretreatment. The pretreated material was subjected to acid hydrolysis (5% w/v sulfuric acid, 125 Â°C to 175 Â°C, 120 min) to produce LA. Compared to the ammonia treatment, the two-step PA–AP pretreatment was better in removing lignin from OPEFB, and resulted in a higher LA yield based on the mass of the pretreated OPEFB. On a mass basis, the LA yield was 31.1% on pretreated OPEFB, that had been pretreated using the PA–AP process, but only 16.7% from the biomass treated using the ammonia process. The kinetics of acid-catalyzed production of LA from the pretreated OPEFB were investigated to develop a mathematical model for predicting the conversion of cellulose to the intermediates (glucose, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural), and the final product, LA. The hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose was found to be the rate-controlling step in acid-catalyzed production of LA, confirming the importance of the delignification pretreatment in making cellulose more amenable to hydrolysis. During the two-stage acid hydrolysis, the reaction at 175 Â°C for 15 min in the first stage, followed by 125 Â°C for 105 min in the second stage, resulted in LA molar yield (based on cellulose) of ∼40%. This was comparable to the yield obtained if both steps were performed at 150 Â°C for a total of 120 min.

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Biomass to biobutanol: Current trends and challenges

2024-08-23 , Amin M.A. , Hafiza Shukor , Shoparwe N.F. , Makhtar M.M.Z. , Jalil R.

The term "biofuel" refers to a liquid or gas fuel obtained mostly from biomass for use in transportation. Biobutanol is a potential replacement biofuel for fossil-based liquid fuels as they become depleted. Biobutanol is a transportation fuel that may be simply combined with either gas or petrol at any ratio. Clostridia are the most prevalent fermentative organisms used in biobutanol production. It might well be recognized for its ability to use the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation route to convert various types of renewable biomass to biobutanol. Various aspects of biobutanol fermentation, including butanol toxicity and product titer, have also been addressed. The recent advancement in lignocellulosic biomass treatment technology, which is significantly greener and safer for the environment, has been clearly articulated. This chapter also covers several metabolic engineering and simple engineering laboratory approaches such as Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE) for strain improvement to overcome butanol toxicity. These biobutanol difficulties could be solved to improve microorganism resistance to high solvent concentrations and hence increase biobutanol output. The final section of this chapter will discuss the future of biobutanol production as a new sustainable and renewable future transportation fuel. Overall, this chapter will provide a better grasp of current trends and issues in biomass-based biobutanol production.

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Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMMs) as Membrane Based Separation Technology: A Review

2023-01-01 , Pusphanathan K. , Hafiza Shukor , Shoparwe N.F. , Makhtar M.M.Z. , Zainuddin N.I. , Jullok N.

Mixed matrix membrane (MMMs) is an innovative membrane based-separation technology that plays an essential role in liquid and gas separation and purification recently. This review emphasizes mainly on the current MMMs technology. The discussion begins with a background of the MMMs technologies, followed by a comparison between the MMMs technology porous and non-porous membranes. Following that, state-of-the-art MMMs are featured, which contain a variety of polymers and non-polymers, as well as inorganic fillers and materials. The binary filler approach is also explained, which combines two filler materials to achieve synergistic improvements in MMMs. The development of new robust, high-performance materials is one type of revolutionary membrane preparation approach for harsh and inconsiderate environments. In comparison to pristine polymeric membranes, blended mixed matrix membranes with polymer, solvent, and additives are believed for efficient performance. In addition, fabrication strategies for MMMs preparation are addressed. The fabrication technique can be used to improve membrane performance in a number of ways, including resilience to extremes in process conditions and higher mixture resolution when separating gases and liquids. After that, membrane characterization is performed to analyze the membrane's structural and morphological properties. Based on that, critical evaluation of the performances of the MMMs based on the characterization of the membrane is evaluated in context. Finally, the opportunities, as well as future prospects for the integration of MMMs units for process intensification in various sectors, are also significant of the review.

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Biosorption Study of Methylene Blue (MB) and Brilliant Red Remazol (BRR) by Coconut Dregs

2022-01-01 , Hafiza Shukor , Yaser A.Z. , Shoparwe N.F. , Mohd Zaini Makhtar M. , Mokhtar N.

Water pollution has become a major issue in many countries, including Malaysia. Malaysia is one of the countries that suffers from this detrimental influence on water resource sustainability. Adsorption has been discovered to be a cost-effective and efficient method of removing contaminants such as pigments, dyes, and metal impurities. Many biomass-based adsorbent materials have been successfully used for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions. In this study, the potential use of coconut dregs as the new biosorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) (basic dye) and Brilliant Red Remazol (BRR) (acidic dye) was investigated. The effects of adsorption time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial dye concentration on coconut dregs adsorption for MB and BRR dye were investigated using 2-Level Factorial Design of Design-Expert 7.1.5. The results indicated that the amount of dye adsorbed on the coconut dregs increased with increasing dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and adsorption time. However, both MB and BRR dyes favor different pH for the adsorption process. The adsorption capacity of MB dye increased with increasing pH, while the adsorption capacity of BRR dye increased with decreasing pH. Removal of MB was optimum at pH 11, contact time of 240 min, a dosage of 0.25 g adsorbent, and an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. Meanwhile, for BRR dye, the optimum condition was pH 2, contact time of 180 min, the dosage of 0.25 g adsorbent, and an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. The equilibrium data for both dyes fitted very well with the Langmuir Isotherm equation giving a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity as high as 5.7208 mg/g and 3.7636 mg/g for Methylene Blue Dye and Brilliant Red Remazol dye, respectively. This study shows that coconut dregs can be one of the potential and low-cost biosorbents for the treatment of industrial dyes soon.

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The Effect of Different Pretreatment of Chicken Manure for Electricity Generation in Membrane-Less Microbial Fuel Cell

2022-08-01 , Mohd Azmi N. , Mohd Sabri M.N.I. , Tajarudin H.A. , Shoparwe N.F. , Makhtar M.M.Z. , Hafiza Shukor , Alam M. , Siddiqui M.R. , Rafatullah M.

The need for energy resources is growing all the time, which means that more fossil fuels are needed to provide them. People prefer to consume chicken as a source of protein, and this creates an abundance of waste. Thus, microbial fuel cells represent a new technological approach with the potential to generate electricity through the action of electrogenic bacteria toward chicken manure, while reducing the abundance of chicken manure. This study investigated the effect of different pretreatment (thermal, alkaline, and sonication pretreatment) of chicken manure to improve the performance of a membrane-less microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC). Statistical response surface methodology (RSM) through a central composite design (CCD) under a quadratic model was conducted for optimization of the ML-MFC performance focusing on the COD removal efficiency (R2 = 0.8917), biomass (R2 = 0.9101), and power density response (R2 = 0.8794). The study demonstrated that the highest COD removal (80.68%), biomass (7.8539 mg/L), and power density (220 mW/m2) were obtained when the pretreatment conditions were 140 °C, 20 kHz, and pH 10. The polarization curve of the best condition of ML-MFC was plotted to classify the behavior of the ML-MFC. The kinetic growth of Bacillus subtillis (BS) showed that, in treated chicken manure, the specific growth rate µ = 0.20 h−1 and doubling time Td = 3.43 h, whereas, in untreated chicken manure, µ = 0.11 h−1 and Td = 6.08.

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Arthropods-mediated Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles using Cellar Spider Extract: A Biocompatible Remediation for Environmental Approach

2024-06-12 , Muzamir Isa , Muhammad Nur Aiman Uda , Irfan M.A.R. , Uda Hashim , Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath , Hafiza Shukor , Afnan Uda M.N. , Huzaifah M.R.M. , Ali M.M. , Ibrahim N.H. , Makhtar M.M.Z. , Ng Q.H. , Mohd Khairul Rabani Hashim , Zainal Abidin Arsat , Nor Azizah Parmin , Liyana Ahmad Sofri , Ruslan M.A.M. , Tijjani Adam

This study presents an eco-friendly approach to synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using extracts from cellar spiders, addressing environmental and health concerns associated with conventional methods. The spider extract efficiently reduced zinc acetate dihydrate, and the synthesized ZnO NPs underwent comprehensive quantitative characterization, including size, shape, morphology, surface chemistry, thermal stability, and optical properties using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV-vis spectroscopy. The nanoparticles exhibited intended characteristics, and their adsorption capability for methylene blue (MB) was quantitatively assessed using the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, providing numerical insights into MB removal efficiency. The study demonstrates the potential of these green-synthesized ZnO NPs for applications in environmental remediation, wastewater treatment, and antibacterial therapies, contributing to both sustainable nanomaterial development and quantitative understanding of their functional properties.

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Effect of Activating Agent on Porous Activated Carbon in Alginate Macrobeads for Removal of Remazol Red Dye

2024-06-07 , Zakir N.I.M. , Zunaida Zakaria , Hakimah Osman , Hafiza Shukor , Masa A.

Alginate macrobeads filled with porous activated carbon (PAC) treated using different types of chemical activating agents were prepared in this study. Rice husk ash (RHA) was treated using five types of chemicals, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and citric acid, at a low temperature (~80°C) for 2 hours to produce PAC with high porosity and compared to the conventional process using furnace with a high processing temperature. A biopolymer, namely sodium alginate, was used to hold the PAC powder to produce an immobilized structure of PAC in macrobeads form. Adsorption of remazol red (RR) dye using macrobeads was measured using UV-spectrophotometer, while the morphology and composition of PAC were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), respectively. The functional groups of PAC were identified using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). The results indicated that the alkali treated PAC successfully removed up to ~99% of the dye in 120 minutes, while the acid treated PAC could only remove ~30% the dye at the same time. This demonstrated that alkaline treatment produced PAC with higher porosity structure and the PAC produced using NaOH has high adsorption of RR dye.

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