Hafiza Shukor
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Preferred name
Hafiza Shukor
Official Name
Hafiza, Shukor
Alternative Name
Hafiza, S.
Shukor, H.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
56248038900
Researcher ID
AAK-7519-2020

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Efficiency of Fabricated Adsorptive Polysulfone Mixed Matrix Membrane for Acetic Acid Separation

2023-06-01 , Pusphanathan K. , Hafiza Shukor , Shoparwe N.F. , Makhtar M.M.Z. , Zainuddin N.I. , Jullok N. , Siddiqui M.R. , Alam M. , Rafatullah M.

The ultrafiltration mixed matrix membrane (UF MMMs) process represents an applicable approach for the removal of diluted acetic acid at low concentrations, owing to the low pressures applied. The addition of efficient additives represents an approach to further improve membrane porosity and, subsequently, enhance acetic acid removal. This work demonstrates the incorporation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as additives into polysulfone (PSf) polymer via the non-solvent-induced phase-inversion (NIPS) method to improve the performance of PSf MMMs performance. Eight PSf MMMs samples designated as M0 to M7, each with independent formulations, were prepared and investigated for their respective density, porosity, and degree of AA retention. Morphology analysis through scanning electron microscopy elucidated sample M7 (PSf/TiO2/PEG 6000) to have the highest density and porosity among all samples with concomitant highest AA retention at approximately 92.2%. The application of the concentration polarization method further supported this finding by the higher concentration of AA solute present on the surface of the membrane compared to that of AA feed for sample M7. Overall, this study successfully demonstrates the significance of TiO2 and PEG as high MW additives in improving PSf MMM performance.

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Biomass to biobutanol: Current trends and challenges

2024-08-23 , Amin M.A. , Hafiza Shukor , Shoparwe N.F. , Makhtar M.M.Z. , Jalil R.

The term "biofuel" refers to a liquid or gas fuel obtained mostly from biomass for use in transportation. Biobutanol is a potential replacement biofuel for fossil-based liquid fuels as they become depleted. Biobutanol is a transportation fuel that may be simply combined with either gas or petrol at any ratio. Clostridia are the most prevalent fermentative organisms used in biobutanol production. It might well be recognized for its ability to use the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation route to convert various types of renewable biomass to biobutanol. Various aspects of biobutanol fermentation, including butanol toxicity and product titer, have also been addressed. The recent advancement in lignocellulosic biomass treatment technology, which is significantly greener and safer for the environment, has been clearly articulated. This chapter also covers several metabolic engineering and simple engineering laboratory approaches such as Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE) for strain improvement to overcome butanol toxicity. These biobutanol difficulties could be solved to improve microorganism resistance to high solvent concentrations and hence increase biobutanol output. The final section of this chapter will discuss the future of biobutanol production as a new sustainable and renewable future transportation fuel. Overall, this chapter will provide a better grasp of current trends and issues in biomass-based biobutanol production.

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Polysulfone (Psf) mixed matrix membrane incorporating titanium dioxide (TiOâ‚‚)/Polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the removal of copper

2024-10 , Vasuumathi A/P Ilango Mathialagan , Sivaneswari A/P M Devarajoo , Hafiza Shukor , Muhammad Nur Aiman Uda , Noor Fazliani Shoparwe , Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar , Nor’ Izzah Zainuddin

The global increasing contamination of water resources with toxic metals such as copper (Cu), poses severe threats to human health and aqueous ecosystems. Therefore, the ultrafiltration mixed matrix membranes (UF MMMs) possess an applicable approach for the removal of copper ions. This novel fabricated technology can be applied in various wastewater treatment systems for the removal of heavy metals, especially copper. MMMs were fabricated by blending polysulfone (Psf) with additives into the dope solution via the phase inversion method by incorporating titanium dioxide (TiOâ‚‚) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in Psf MMMs. Seven Psf MMMs samples labelled M0 to M6, each with its own formulation, were prepared and tested for density, porosity, and degree of Cu retention. MMMs were further characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which revealed the range of the IR spectrum of Psf polymer membrane from 1319 cm-1 to 1600 cm-1, 1650 cm-1 to 3400 cm-1 for PEG, and 800 cm-1 to 3600 cm-1 for TiOâ‚‚ NPs. As for the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), M6 (Psf/TiOâ‚‚/PEG 6000) was found to be the most dense and highest porous morphology asymmetric Psf MMM. The retained percentage of Cu and flux for M6 attained the highest value of 80.3% and 136.99 L/m2 .h respectively, whereas for the neat Psf membrane, M0 exhibited the lowest retained percentage of Cu and flux, about 25.8% and 61.64 L/m2.h. The inclusion of pore former and additives has shown an improvement of 54.5% in the copper rejection. Moreover, M6 displayed the highest antifouling properties compared to other Psf MMMSs. This study proves that PEG and TiOâ‚‚ additives have significant potential to improve membrane performance due to the highest percentage of Cu retained on the surface of the membrane as adsorptive separation on Psf MMMs.

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Fabrication of active food packaging based on PLA/Chitosan/CNC-containing Coleus aromaticus essential oil: application to Harumanis mango

2023-12-01 , Hasnida Raja Hashim R. , Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny , Sam Sung Ting , Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath , Fong Y.Y. , Pareek S. , Makhtar M.M.Z. , Hafiza Shukor

This study aimed to determine the effect of Coleus aromaticus essential oil (CAEO) on the properties of an active film based on polylactic acid (PLA), chitosan (Cs), and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in fruit packaging. The films were fabricated via solvent casting technique. The obtained films’ antimicrobial, antioxidant, microstructural, and mechanical properties were studied. Mechanical properties state how adding essentials oil into film improves the elongation breaks significantly (p < 0.05) by 5.3 and 6.1%, respectively, with the addition of 0.4 wt% and 0.8 wt% CAEO which reflets its flexibility. The antioxidant activity of biopolymer film increased significantly (p < 0.05), with antioxidant values ranging from 6.50 to 57.50% with the elevation of CAEO. The inhibitory impact of the film against pathogenic fungus was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by comparing the film with different concentrations of essential oil (EO), as well as the control and chemical fungicide. Disc diffusion was utilised to test mycelial growth suppression, and the film containing 1.2 wt% EO produced the best results. The biofilm containing 1.2 wt% EO successfully reduced illness incidence in vivo with damaged mango. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy imaging were used to observe the incorporation of CAEO in the matrix of the film. All Fourier-Transform Infrared spectra of PLA/Cs/CNC and EO blends exhibited the characteristic bands of PLA-based materials. The results indicate that the PLA/Cs/CNC/CAEO films provide a new way to improve microbial safety and extend the shelf life of mango fruit and have the potential for replacement of petroleum-based plastic for fruit packaging applications at the industrial level.

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Cyclic voltammetry studies of bioanode microbial fuel fells from batch culture of Geobacter sulfurreducens

2021-05-24 , Shoparwe N.F. , Makhtar M.M.Z. , Sata S.A. , Kew W.S. , Mohamad M. , Hafiza Shukor

The present study aims to investigate the performance of batch culture of Geobacter sulfurreducens (G. sulfurreducens) for electrical current generation via cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. The CV study was performed with an applied voltage in the range of -0.1 to 0.1 V against the standard calomel electrode (SCE) during the cell growth and attachment of G. sulfurreducens on graphite felt and initial acetate concentration of 20 mM. The kinetics of electrode reaction was investigated by conducting CV experiments at different scanning rates of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 mVs-1. The diffusion coefficients (D) and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ko) of both anodic and cathodic process were 1.04 x10-5 cm2.s-1, 1.73x10-6 cm2.s-1, 0.0004 cm.s-1 and 0.0011 cm.s-1, respectively. The obtained results showed that the anode exhibits high bioeletrocatalytic activity due to the attachment of G. sulfurreducens on the anode surface.

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Overview of Sludge in Waste Treatment Plant

2023-01-01 , Kobe J. , Shafiq M.D. , Alkarimiah R. , Yaser A.Z. , Hafiza Shukor , Mohd Zaini Makhtar M.

The treatment of wastewater in sewage treatment plants results in the generation of sewage sludge, which is a muddy residue that can exist in solid, semi-solid, or liquid form. Sewage sludge comprises a complex mixture of proteins, carbohydrates, detergents, phenols, and lipids, as well as harmful and dangerous organic and inorganic contaminants. The production of sewage is a result of the combination of domestic and industrial wastes, which typically contains over 99% water. The production of sewage is a result of contributions from various sources, including residential, institutional, commercial, and industrial facilities. This book chapter provides an overview of sludge in waste treatment plants, focusing on the terminology of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the typical processes used in wastewater treatment, the constituents of sludge, rules and regulations governing WWTPs, and current methodologies employed for handling sewage sludge. The chapter provides insight into the complexities of managing sewage sludge, which is a crucial aspect of wastewater treatment, as it poses environmental and health hazards. The chapter highlights the importance of effective management of sewage sludge, emphasizing the need for sustainable approaches that ensure safe disposal and minimize environmental impact.

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The Effect of Different Pretreatment of Chicken Manure for Electricity Generation in Membrane-Less Microbial Fuel Cell

2022-08-01 , Mohd Azmi N. , Mohd Sabri M.N.I. , Tajarudin H.A. , Shoparwe N.F. , Makhtar M.M.Z. , Hafiza Shukor , Alam M. , Siddiqui M.R. , Rafatullah M.

The need for energy resources is growing all the time, which means that more fossil fuels are needed to provide them. People prefer to consume chicken as a source of protein, and this creates an abundance of waste. Thus, microbial fuel cells represent a new technological approach with the potential to generate electricity through the action of electrogenic bacteria toward chicken manure, while reducing the abundance of chicken manure. This study investigated the effect of different pretreatment (thermal, alkaline, and sonication pretreatment) of chicken manure to improve the performance of a membrane-less microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC). Statistical response surface methodology (RSM) through a central composite design (CCD) under a quadratic model was conducted for optimization of the ML-MFC performance focusing on the COD removal efficiency (R2 = 0.8917), biomass (R2 = 0.9101), and power density response (R2 = 0.8794). The study demonstrated that the highest COD removal (80.68%), biomass (7.8539 mg/L), and power density (220 mW/m2) were obtained when the pretreatment conditions were 140 °C, 20 kHz, and pH 10. The polarization curve of the best condition of ML-MFC was plotted to classify the behavior of the ML-MFC. The kinetic growth of Bacillus subtillis (BS) showed that, in treated chicken manure, the specific growth rate µ = 0.20 h−1 and doubling time Td = 3.43 h, whereas, in untreated chicken manure, µ = 0.11 h−1 and Td = 6.08.

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Green Renewable Energy: Microbial Fuel Cell Technology

2023-01-01 , Tuesday M. , Pusphanathan K. , Sobri M.F.M. , Makhtar M.M.Z. , Shoparwe N.F. , Hafiza Shukor

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a bio-electrochemical system designed to generate energy by using electrons obtained from biological processes catalyzed by microorganisms. In MFCs, electrons are transmitted from the anode compartment (the negative terminal) to the cathode compartment (the positive terminal) via a conductive substance. Electrons are mixed with oxygen at the cathode, while protons diffuse via a proton exchange membrane. MFCs need continuous electron release from the anode and electron consumption from the cathode. Using microorganisms for effective conversion, MFC technology promises to produce clean energy from waste products produced by civilization. This technology, in contrast to renewable energy sources, recycles trash and energy created by our civilization and returns them to us, therefore reducing the adverse side effects of environmental degradation. This article examines the historical pattern of energy usage in Malaysia. In conjunction with that, this paper will review the principles of MFCs. Several designs of microbial fuel cells are utilized in this study. There has been variation in power density outcomes. Single-chamber, double-chamber, tubular, and flat-plate MFCs are examples of MFCs. Nonetheless, double-chamber and single-chamber MFCs are the focus of this paper. The substrate utilized affects the performance of MFCs; thus, several widely used substrates are also examined.

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Microbial Fuel Cell: Simultaneous Bioremediation and Energy Recovery Technology

2023-01-01 , Pusphanathan K. , Tuesday M. , Mohamad Sobri M.F. , Mohd Zaini Makhtar M. , Shoparwe N.F. , Hafiza Shukor , Zainuddin N.I.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a promising technology for producing electricity from a variety of materials, including natural organic matter, complex organic waste, and renewable biomass, and can be advantageously combined with wastewater treatment applications. For this reason, it represents a superb option for a long-term, eco-friendly renewable energy supply. The current review article discusses about Malaysia's historical energy consumption trend. Following that, Malaysia experienced a revolution in energy-based policies, such as the National Energy Policy 1979, which focuses on the effectiveness of energy supply while minimising negative environmental impacts through the development of new technologies such as MFC technology. In addition, the concept and operation principle of MFC are discussed in this review. This paper focuses on single-chambered and dual-chambered MFC. The performance of MFCs is influenced by the substrate used so the various substrates that are commonly used today are also discussed.

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Methane Biogas Production in Malaysia: Challenge and Future Plan

2022-01-01 , Amin M.A. , Hafiza Shukor , Yin L.S. , Kasim F.H. , Shoparwe N.F. , Makhtar M.M.Z. , Yaser A.Z.

Biomethane is a sustainable energy that is produced from an organic and renewable resource. As the second-largest oil palm producer in the world, palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the primary source of biomethane generation in Malaysia. POME is the by-product of palm oil extraction and is extensively employed as a feedstock for the production of biomethane. Malaysia has an equatorial environment with humid and hot weather; this climate is conducive to the cultivation of numerous agricultural crops. A considerable number of agricultural wastes and residues are produced by agricultural crops, however, only 27% of them are used as fuel or to create useable products. Several publications have been published on the production of biomethane from POME; nevertheless, additional research is required on the use of other bioresources and technologies for biomethane production in Malaysia. In addition, there is a lack of comprehensive information on the future development of biomethane production in Malaysia; thus, to fill this gap, this review paper focuses on the challenges and future of Malaysia, which puts an emphasis on POME and also includes other alternative options of bioresources that can be the future feedstock for biomethane production in Malaysia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to provide a comprehensive overview of the biogas trend in Malaysia in terms of challenges and current biomethane development, as well as detailed information on a number of leading companies that are currently active in Malaysia biogas industry.

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