Allan Melvin Andrew
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Preferred name
Allan Melvin Andrew
Official Name
Allan Melvin, Andrew
Alternative Name
Andrew, Allan Melvin
Andrew, Allan M.
Melvin, A. A.
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Scopus Author ID
36469871200
Researcher ID
GDH-3820-2022

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  • Publication
    Phyton-Based Smart Algorithm for 3 × 3 Rubik’s Cube Solver
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Amirah A.S.N.
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Tan Wei Hong
    ;
    Faridah Wahab
    ;
    Rezal S.
    Rubik’s cubes are exciting to be play with, but solving it can be a bit tricky, especially when we are not having the insight of how to solve it. There are many ways to solve it. This research is about creating a Phyton based- program to solve a physical Rubik’s cube. This research uses webcam as sensor, and Raspberry Pi microcontroller to generate solution from images to twist Rubik’s cube using servo actuators. To make it easy to be used, the program is equipped with Graphical User Interface (GUI) and Internet of Things (IoT). Hence, the program run in a smartphone, web- based systems through internet to give information about the performance of the project. The research is intended to create a Rubik’s cube solver which can be used for education purpose and to help people solving Rubik’s cube autonomously using Internet-of-things. The initial prototype is limited to solve 3 × 3 standard Rubik’s cube with dimension 5.7 × 5.7 × 5.7 cm. This project uses Python language to create improvised Kociemba program and GUI. The developed coding is tested on the 3D printed Rubik’s Cube Solver. Based on the test conducted with implementation in the prototype, the robot manage to solve the Rubik’s cube with an average of 21 moves.
  • Publication
    The use of media filters in treatment of runoff pollution
    ( 2021-02-23)
    Amirah A.S.N.
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Faridah Wahab
    ;
    Tan Wei Hong
    ;
    Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar
    The study will examine the ability of recycled aggregates and sand to classify wastewater in a manner that decreases the level of environmental pollution. The sample was taken from Kg Wang Ulu, Perlis agricultural district, Jejawi, Perlis industrial area and Taman Desa Katong, Perlis residential area. Water quality research has been investigated to find the characteristics of effluent such as suspended solids, BOD, COD and TSS. Three rainfall intensity values, of 5 LPM as low rainfall, 12.5 LPM as mean precipitation intensity, and 22.5 LPM as high-cut rainfall consisted of recycled aggregate and high-absorptive sand as drainage beds, were included in this operating system. Experimental findings indicate that the recycling of aggregates and sand filters has a positive effect on water in industrial and residential areas. It shows that the use of recycled aggregates as a drainage bed can increase the permeability of the region by reducing erosion, preventing flooding and promoting natural infiltration.
  • Publication
    Prototype Design for Rubik’s Cube Solver
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Faridah Wahab
    ;
    Tan Wei Hong
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Amirah A.S.N.
    ;
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Lee F.S.
    Rubik’s cube is a modern day plastic material puzzle, where the one need to twist and turn to solve the multicolour squares. At the end, the puzzle need to be solved to make all the same colour cubes on the same surfaces. High intelligence is needed to solve it at a shorter time. Therefore, this research is to create a robot solver to solve the Rubik’s cube in short time smartly. Initially, the algorithm will scan the six surfaces of unsolved cube through a webcam and register the colours in the memory. Once it is completed, the solving algorithm will analyse and instruct the servo motors to twist and turn based on the computed solution. It is then pass it to the solving algorithm to identify the solving process and send the moving instruction to the motors by Raspberry Pi. The robot body was constructed using laser cutter. It is to make sure that the measurements are accurate and correct. To solve the cube, four servo motors with high efficiency were used to twist the cube in certain legit with the rules of the game. Another four servo motors are connected to the rack and pinion gears by clamping to hold the Rubik’s cube from falling when it is twisted. An improvised “Kociemba Algorithm”, also called as “The Two-Phase-Algorithm” is used. It reduced the required moves to solve the cube into a maximum of 25 moves and a minimum of 19. Conclusively, the final prototype discussed in this paper is tested with the solving algorithm. The results are presented.
  • Publication
    Mathematical Modelling Development of Sound Transmission Loss for Laminated Glass Using Response Surface Methodology
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Tan Wei Hong
    ;
    Faridah Wahab
    ;
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Amirah A.S.N.
    ;
    Lim E.A.
    The purpose of this study is to identify parameters that affect the rate of sound transmission loss. Mathematical model of sound transmission loss (STL) is developed for laminated glass and maximize the STL of laminated glass by using response surface methodology (RSM). The main objective of this study is to determine the type of material and number of interlayers for laminated glass on the STL performance. The two-load transfer function method (TFM) coupled with LMS Test Lab Acoustic software to determine the STL. The analysis was made by observing the performance of STL with respect to different materials used, such as glass and Perspex. Besides that, number of interlayers for laminated glass also had been studied for the performance of STL. Next, the RSM will be applied to develop mathematical modelling of STL for laminated glass. Optimization on the variable of laminated glass also has been conducted to obtain optimum variable of laminated glass in order to deliver optimum STL performance.
  • Publication
    Performance of concrete gravity dam with various height of dam based on static pushover analysis
    ( 2021-07-21)
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Faridah Wahab
    ;
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Amirah A.S.N.
    ;
    Tan Wei Hong
    The study was related to the performance of the concrete gravity dam with a various height of dam based on static pushover analysis. Based on the concepts of nonlinear static pushover analysis, a lateral incremental load is applied to the dam body after exerting gravitational and hydrostatic loads. In a concrete gravity dam, inertia loads and hydrodynamic loads are the types of lateral loads generated in earthquakes. The four concrete dams of various height had been analyzed by using ABAQUS. For each model, there were 10 trials analysis of increasing lateral load until the dam reached its limit state. The four finite elements of the concrete gravity dam with various height will be designed. The various height of concrete gravity dam has been specified to 50m, 75m, 100m and 125m. The analysis had been run and the limit state of concrete gravity dam such as cracking will be determined. The magnitude of lateral pushover load will be increased consequently until the dam reached its limit state.
  • Publication
    The effect of stearic acid and different loading treated and untreated EFB fiber on the tensile, structural and chemical properties of polypropylene/ recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/ empty fruit bunch composites
    ( 2021-05-24)
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Hong T.W.
    ;
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Wahab F.
    ;
    Nor Amirah Abu Seman @ Haji Ahmad
    ;
    Othman N.S.
    A new developed of polymer materials made up of polypropylene (PP), recycled nitrile gloves (NBRr) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber was fabricated. Recycled nitrile glove was blended together with PP plastic to reduce the use of petroleum based and to solve the issue of waste discarded at the landfill. EFB fiber was incorporated to lower the production cost of composite. Due to incompatibility of different phases, stearic acid treatment was used to improve the EFB fiber polarity. Thus, the effect of different EFB loading for untreated and treated stearic acid of PP/NBRr/EFB composite was studied. In this work, all the materials were mixed well using a heated two roll mill with temperature 180 °C within 9 minutes. The EFB loading were varied from 0 to 30 phr. The analysis of tensile properties was tested followed the ASTM D638, Type IV, testing procedure, to analyze tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation at break. The structural properties of the fracture sample surfaces were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the chemical properties was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). Composites with stearic acid treatment have shown higher tensile strength compared to untreated EFB fiber. Besides, the micrograph structure surface from scanning electron microscopy analysis showed better fiber and matrix interaction, as the treated-EFB fiber is well encapsulated with the PP matrix. From the FTIR analysis, the intensity peak of OH for PP/NBRr/EFB/SA was reduced due to the removal O-H bond of cellulose from fibers during the surface modification of fibers.
  • Publication
    Acoustical Analysis and Optimization for Micro-Perforated Panel Sound Absorber
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Tan Wei Hong
    ;
    Amirah A.S.N.
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Faridah Wahab
    ;
    Lim E.A.
    The main objective of this study is to maximize the rate of sound absorption by applying the parameters of micro-perforated plate (MPP) such as the holes diameter, holes spacing, thickness of MPP, and air cavity depth of MPP. In this study, an optimization algorithm – Firefly algorithm is adopted to determine an optimum set of four parameters for MPP. There are four pieces of MPP with different holes of diameter and spacing was used as specimens. The two-microphone impedance tube method was used to measure sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of MPP sound absorber according to ASTM E1050-12 standard. From the experiments, MPP C (hole diameter = 0.5 mm, hole spacing = 7 mm) for both air cavity depth (30 & 60 mm) score the highest SAC which is 1.00 while MPP B (hole diameter = 0.9 mm, hole spacing = 5 mm) obtain the lowest SAC for air cavity of 30 and 60 mm, which are 0.62 and 0.54 respectively. Then, the firefly algorithm is applied to obtain the optimal solution the set of parameters for MPP sound absorber to reduce the noise level. Hence, it is concluded that by increasing the air cavity depth, holes spacing, and decreasing holes diameter size can increase the rate of sound absorption for MPP. The optimal set of parameters obtained from this study for MPP sound absorber for air cavity, hole diameter and holes spacing are 30, 0.71 mm and 0.5 respectively.
  • Publication
    Assessment of a Self-sustaining Drainage Ditch: Water Quality Monitoring and Sampling
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Amirah A.S.N.
    ;
    Tan Wei Hong
    ;
    Faridah Wahab
    ;
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Shahniza M.S.N.
    A research was to determine the water quality in the drainage ditch, and the area under investigation was in Kg Wang Ulu near Perlis. Five parameters of surface water quality physical and chemical characteristics were assessed, and pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were analyzed. Water sampling was carried out during the time before planting, during planting and after planting in a single season. Results shown at NH3-N at point 1 varying from 1.18 to 4.82 mg/L, pH of 6.18 to 7.38, DO of 3.06 to 9.06 mg/L, BOD of 6.45 to 19.16 mg/L and COD of 18 to 28 mg/L. At point 2, 1 NH3-N ranging from 1.52 to 4.89 mg/L, pH values ranging from 6.13 to 7.38, DOs ranging from 3.19 to 8.63 mg/L, BOD ranging from 7.06 to 14.98 mg/L and COD ranging from 19 to 30 mg/L. Finally, point 3 results for NH3-N ranging from 2.50 to 5.92 mg/L, pH values ranging from 6.19 to 7.41, DO ranging from 3.06 to 9.06 mg/L, BOD ranging from 6.18 to 12.78 mg/L, and COD ranging from 18 to 42 mg/L, respectively.
  • Publication
    Characterization and Properties of PP/NBRv/Kenaf Fibre Composites with Silane Treatment
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Faridah W.
    ;
    Amirah A.S.N.
    ;
    Tan W.H.
    ;
    Othman N.S.
    The effect of kenaf fibre content and the silane treatment of PP/NBRv/kenaf composites were studied and fabricated via melt mixing at 180 ˚C for 9 min using 15 rpm motor speed. By using silane as a coupling agent for PP/NBRv/kenaf fibre composite, the mechanical and morphological properties have been improved compared to PP/NBRv/kenaf fibre composite without silane treatment. The composites were examined by using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) for tensile testing and Scanning Electron Microspcope (SEM) for morphological study. The tensile strentgh of PP/NBRv/kenaf with and without silane treatment decreased with increasing amount of kenaf filler content but increased in the Young’s Modulus. However, composites with silane treatment indicated better strength values than the composites without silane treatment. The morphology observations of composites have supported the tensile properties which indicated better interaction between the filler and matrix for treated composites.
  • Publication
    Characterization and Properties of PP/NBRr/Kenaf Composites with PPMAH Compatibilizer
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Faridah Wahab
    ;
    Tan Wei Hong
    ;
    Amirah A.S.N.
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Farhana A.
    The incompatibility between the hydrophilic natural fiber and the hydrophobic polymer matrix results in lower mechanical properties of composites as compared to the virgin materials. Thus, the effect of maleic anhydrate modified polypropylene (PPMAH) on the tensile and the morphological properties of the composite polypropylene (PP)/recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBRr)/ Kenaf Fiber composite was investigated. The composite was fabricated by melt mixed the PP with the PPMAH compatibilizer, NBRr and kenaf fiber by using the heated two roll mill at temperature 180 ºC for 9 min at 15 rpm motor speed. Then, it was molded into 1 mm sheet through the hot press and cut into a dumbbell shape. The ratio of NBRr loading in PP was varied from 0 up to 60 phr while kenaf filler and PPMAH remain constant at 15 phr and 4 phr respectively. The tensile properties were determined by using a universal tensile machine (UTM) and the morphology of the specimens was analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). As the NBRr loading increased from 0 to 60 phr in the composite, the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were decreased from 15.5 MPa to 4.4 MPa and 1.2 GPa to 0.4 GPa respectively. Meanwhile, as the rubbery content of NBRr increased, the elongation at break was also increased by 2.2%. The composite with PPMAH compatibilizer indicates an improvement in tensile strength and modulus of elasticity with increment by 15– 69% and 14–73% respectively but decreased in elongation at break by 13–30%. The morphology study shows that the composite with PPMAH compatibilizer having better attachment between the filler and matrix which results in higher tensile strength then non-compatibilized composite.