Research Output
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PublicationPhytoremediation of vegetable leachate by Nymphaea Nouchali( 2020-12-29)Leachate normally contains high concentration of pollutants and regulated under stringent discharge standards. Conventional treatments of leachate are no longer adequate to ensure compliance with the standard. Phytoremediation is a relatively new approach to treat leachate contaminated by organic and inorganic substances. Nymphaea Nouchali is an abundant and easy-growing free-floating aquatic plants found in the rice fields, reservoir and polluted ponds. Nymphaea and Nuphar are the most commonly found species in Malaysia. In the last few decades there has been an increasing interest in the study of phytoremediator plants which can serve as an alternative for leachate treatment. The main objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of organic removal from vegetable leachate (VL) using Nymphaea Nouchali. The results exhibited that after 7 days of phytoremediation, sample R0.5 shows excellent removal of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour and suspended solid (SS) to meet the allowable limit.
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PublicationManufacturing of cast in situ ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete (uhpfrc)-Workability, Tensile and Compressive Strength( 2020-03-18)The aim of this article is to share on the manufacturing process of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) without heat curing or steam curing, hence, it makes UHPFRC possible to be used for in situ application. The common materials used in numerous previous studies were used in this work to produce UHPFRC: Cement type CEM I, fine sand, silica fume, water and third generation high range water reducer. Three tests were conducted, i.e. Compression test and slump flow test and tensile test. The targeted slump flow is in the range of 600 mm to 750 mm, minimum targeted compressive strength and tensile strength test is 115 MPa and 10 MPa, respectively. In addition, the UHPFRC must exhibit strain hardening properties. As a result, this study proposes the mix proportion of the above mentioned material used to produce UHPFRC which is suitable to be utilized for in situ application.
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PublicationA review of nanoclay applications in the pervious concrete pavement( 2017-09-26)In recent years, the use of nanoclay has received various interests in order to enhance the properties of construction materials which can also be eligible for pavement technology and engineering application. This review paper summarizes the effect of nanoclay as cement replacement and additive to the performance of pervious concrete pavement. The addition of nanoclay to pervious concrete has demonstrated improvements in strength properties such as compressive and flexural strength, durability such as freeze-thaw and chloride penetration resistance, shrinkage, and denser microstructure but at the same time reduced the porosity, permeability and water absorption properties. This enhancement is due to the roles of nanoclay as nanoreinforcements, nanofillers, nucleation site, and reactive pozzolans in order to promote hydration and improve material properties.
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PublicationRisk Management Planning by Risk Register in Building Construction Project( 2024-01-01)This research addresses the common issue of vulnerabilities emerging during construction projects due to inadequate risk identification and analysis. It aims to mitigate this by creating a comprehensive risk register, documenting potential risk events, their causes, and characteristics. The main goal is to identify prominent risk factors in building construction projects and develop a risk management strategy using this register. The study used purposive sampling and considered 22 indicators, including human resources, cost, materials, equipment, and environmental conditions. Questionnaires were distributed to 50 contractors in the Banda Aceh region. Validity and reliability were confirmed through statistical analysis. The analysis showed that human resources were the most prevalent risk factor. Using a probability impact matrix, five indicators had medium-risk levels, while seventeen indicated low risk. Human resources, materials and equipment, and environmental conditions were identified as dominant risk factors, all at a medium-risk level. The study underscores the importance of addressing human resources risks through a structured risk register, which can significantly improve project management and execution. By systematically assessing and mitigating potential risks, project stakeholders can make informed decisions and enhance project outcomes in terms of timelines, costs, and quality. In conclusion, this research highlights the critical role of risk management in construction projects and emphasizes the value of a comprehensive risk register. Addressing dominant risks proactively can positively impact building construction projects.
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PublicationSustainable Construction Concepts on The Contractor in Banda Aceh: A Comprehension and Application Analysis( 2023-11-29)Sustainable construction is a process of producing a sustainable building by taking into account environmentally friendly principles, and using resources effectively and efficiently from the commencement of the planning, implementation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition process. The problem of this research is the extent to which the understanding and application of the concept of sustainable construction on contractors in Banda Aceh. The purpose of this research is to analyze the understanding and application of the concept of sustainable construction on contractors in Banda Aceh. The study was conducted in the form of a distributed questionnaire containing statement items regarding the understanding and application of the concept of sustainable construction on contractors in Banda Aceh, with respondents of small (K) and medium (M) qualified contractors. The number of contractors involved in this study was 44 contractors in Banda Aceh. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling. The variables used in this research are the variables of understanding the concept of sustainable construction and the variable of implementing the concept of sustainable construction. The validity test results obtained that the r-count value of each variable is entirely greater than the r-table and the r-table value for 1% significance is 0.3843. This shows that the data obtained is valid. Furthermore, the reliability test results on each variable obtained a total value greater than 0.6. This shows that the data obtained is reliable. Based on the descriptive analysis of the variable understanding the concept of sustainable construction, the mean value was 4.287, and the variable application of the sustainable construction concept obtained a mean value of 3.851. This shows that the majority of contractors understand the concept of sustainable construction. In its application, almost all respondents optimize selecting environmentally friendly materials because they are readily available in Banda Aceh.
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PublicationStatistical Analysis of Accident Patterns and The Causes at A State Road in Perlis( 2023-01-01)According to data from the World Health Organization, approximately 1.3 million road users are at high risk of road traffic accidents every year. This study aims to assess accident patterns and causes on a state road between Kangar and Alor Setar. The evaluation of accident pattern employed include the chi-squared test (CST) and the level of service (LOS) survey. Analysis using Pearson CST reveals that age and vehicle type are significant factors in accidents. Specifically, individuals below 30 years old have a higher likelihood of being involved in accidents (ρ = 0.037), while motorcycles are more prone to accidents (ρ = 0.000). However, gender does not appear to impact accident involvement significantly (ρ = 0.911). The LOS E category indicates unstable traffic flows during Monday and Friday evenings. To evaluate accident causes from the perspective of road users, a questionnaire was used, and its validity and reliability were ensured through a pilot study. Four hypotheses were developed, examining human factors, vehicle factors, environmental factors, and road condition factors as independent variables. The results reveal that a majority of road users (33.3%) travel 1 to 3 times per week, with 23.1% of them being involved in accidents on this road. The validity test using the structural model identifies road factors (t = 6.166, ρ = 0.000), vehicle factors (t = 4.3399, ρ = 0.000), and human factors (t = 2.893, ρ = 0.005) as the most significant contributors to accidents. Hence, it is crucial for authorities to prioritize countermeasures focusing on these factors to reduce accidents on this road.
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PublicationRelationship between Ultrasonic-Pulse Velocity and Compression Test for Different Grade of Concrete( 2020-07-09)Ultrasonic pulse velocity methods is one of the non-destructive testing methods. Commonly the compression test was used to determine the compression strength of concrete. Laboratory works had been carried out at heavy concrete laboratory to obtain the result for both non-destructive and destructive test. By using concrete cubes of sizes 100 x 100 x 100 mm and subjected to water curing for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days to obtained desire result for Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Compression test. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity were initially done before the Compression test. The data obtained from each test has been evaluated and tabulated in this report. From this research, the variation between predicted strength and experimental strength for Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity testing was identified; the higher the pulse velocity, the higher the predicted strength and lower times passes by pulse velocity, the higher the predicted strength.
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PublicationProperties of pulverized kaolin particles via ball-to-powder weight ratios milling process: XRF and Zetasizer particle size analysis( 2020-06-10)Kaolin particles were pulverized in order to reduce the size by using high-energy ball milling under various ball-to-powder weight ratios. The elemental composition and particle size analysis of milled kaolin particles were carried out using X-ray fluorescence and Zetasizer particle size analyzer. The increased in ball-to-powder weight ratios have raised the amounts of oxide minerals such as K2O, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, SO3 and LOI in the kaolin particles while reducing the concentration of SiO2, Al2O3, P2O5, and MnO as compared to the control sample. Kaolin particles reached an average of 944nm in size after milling for 4hr under ball-to-powder weight ratio of 4, which is much smaller than unpulverized kaolin particles at the average mean size of 9.985Chai T and Draxler R R 2014 Root Mean Square Error (RSME) or Mean Absolute Error (MAE)-Arguments against avoiding RSME in the literature Retrieved February 10 from World Wide Web www.geosci-model-dev.netm. The energy dissipation has produced a very strong energy impacts and fractures in order to produce the number of collisions between balls and container wall in the high-energy ball milling process to allow the reduction of particles size of kaolin. This enables kaolin particles to be reduced in size and produced in the practically simple, effective, and low-cost process using high-energy ball milling. However, the continuous milling has caused the particles to agglomerate as a way to release the excessive specific surface energy and micro strains produced by high-energy ball milling.
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PublicationPreparation and Characterization of Polysulfone Composite Membrane Blended with Kenaf Cellulose Fibrils( 2023-07-01)Polysulfone (PSF) is widely used material for ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, which has outstanding mechanical properties, great chemical resistance, good thermal stability and wide pH operation range. The hydrophobic property of the PSF membrane seriously limits its application. Hence, blending with hydrophilic material as additives such as cellulose have been intensively studied to improve the hydrophilicity of membranes. Cellulose fibrils are composed of nano-sized elements, which have high hydrophilicity, strength, and biodegradation. A composite membrane was prepared by the phase inversion induced by an immersion process. The characteristics of the composite membrane were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM). The pure water flux of the composite membrane increased dramatically with the increase of cellulose fibrils. Mean pore size and porosity were significantly increased. Both mechanical properties and hydrophilicity were enhanced due to the addition of the cellulose fibrils.
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PublicationApplications of waste material in the pervious concrete pavement: A review( 2017-09-26)Pervious concrete pavement is one of the innovative structures designed in order to manage the quantity and quality of urban stormwater for a sustainable development. In general, pervious concrete pavement enables water to permeate through its structure and have a capability to cater dynamic loads at the same time. However, the conventional pervious concrete pavement lacks a superior strength while performing as pavement structure. Thus, an extensive research has been carried out in order to explore the possible materials to be incorporated into the pervious concrete pavement for better physical, structural and mechanical properties. The objectives of this paper are to review the waste materials used in the pervious concrete pavement along with their mechanical, durability and permeability performance.