Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
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Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
Official Name
Shayfull Zamree, Abd. Rahim
Alternative Name
Shayfull, Zamree Abd Rahim
Abd Rahim, Shayfull Zamree Abd
Shayfull, Zamree
Abd Rahim, S. Z.
Abd Rahim, Shayfull Zamree Bin
Bin Abd Rahim, S. Zamree
Abd Rahim, S.
zamree bin abd Rahim, Shayfull
Rahim, Shayfull Zamree Abd
Zamree Abd Rahim, Shayfull
Zambree, Shayfull
Rahim, Shayfull Z.B.Abd
Zamree, A. R.Shayfull
Shayfull, Z.
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54941291700
Researcher ID
I-2840-2019

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Sustainable geopolymer adsorbents utilizing silica fume as a partial replacement for metakaolin in the removal of copper ion from synthesized copper solution

2025-07 , Pilomeena Arokiasamy , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Eva Arifi , Noorina Hidayu Jamil , Md Azree Othuman Mydin , Andrei Victor Sandu , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Shafiq Ishak

Biochar has great significance for controlling heavy metal pollution. Nevertheless, its application is impeded by certain shortcomings, such as a limited adsorption capacity, a slow adsorption rate, and poor reusability. Besides, the physical adsorption capacity of raw biochar to heavy metals is suboptimal. As a result, researchers prefer to use geopolymer-based adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals due to their excellent immobilization effect. However, no research has been done on the synthesis of geopolymer-based adsorbent using silica fume for heavy metal adsorption. Thus, the aim of this study is to partially replace metakaolin (MK) with silica fume (S1) (25, 50, 75 and 100 %) in geopolymer formulation at varied S:L ratio (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) to study the impact on the geopolymerization and its following properties in the removal efficiency of copper (Cu2 +). Characterization techniques such as Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to study the physicochemical properties of the developed geopolymer. The concentration of Cu2+ before and after adsorption was determined by Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and the removal efficiency was calculated. Based on the experimental result, the geopolymer prepared with 25 % MK and 75 % S1 at S:L of 0.6 maintained the high removal efficiency of Cu2+ (99.62 %) with 100 % MK geopolymer (98.56 %). The generation of N-A-S-H gel with the 75 % replacement level of S1 producing more reactive Si and Al binding sites for Cu2+ adsorption. In addition, S1 contains exchangeable cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ which further promote the adsorption of Cu2+ by ion exchange. Moreover, the mechanisms such as chemical bonding and precipitation were involved in the adsorption of Cu2+. Hence, this research could serve as a basis for the development of solid waste based geopolymers that could remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.

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Metakaolin/sludge based geopolymer adsorbent on high removal efficiency of Cu2+

2022 , Pilomeena Arokiasamy , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol , Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh , Marwan Kheimi , Jitrin Chaiprapa , Andrei Victor Sandu , Petrica Vizureanu , Rafiza Abd Razak , Noorina Hidayu Jamil

Activated carbon (AC) has received a lot of interest from researchers for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater due to its abundant porous structure. However, it was found unable to meet the required adsorption capacity due to its amorphous structure which restricts the fundamental studies and structural optimization for improved removal performance. In addition, AC is not applicable in large scale wastewater treatment due its expensive synthesis and difficulty in regeneration. Thus, the researchers are paying more attention in synthesis of low cost geopolymer based adsorbent for heavy metal removal due its excellent immobilization effect. However, limited studies have focused on the synthesis of geopolymer based adsorbent for heavy metal adsorption by utilizing industrial sludge. Thus, the aim of this research was to develop metakaolin (MK) based geopolymer adsorbent with incorporation of two types of industrial sludge (S1 and S3) that could be employed as an adsorbent for removing copper (Cu2+) from aqueous solution through the adsorption process. The effects of varied solid to liquid ratio (S/L) on the synthesis of metakaolin/sludge based geopolymer adsorbent and the removal efficiency of Cu2+ by the synthesis adsorbent were studied. The raw materials and synthesized geopolymer were characterized by using x-ray fluorescence (XRF), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and micro XRF. The concentration of Cu2+ before and after adsorption was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and the removal efficiency was calculated. The experimental data indicated that the synthesized geopolymer at low S/L ratio has achieved the highest removal efficiency of Cu2+ about 99.62 % and 99.37 % at 25 %:75 % of MK/S1 and 25 %:75 % of MK/S3 respectively compared to pure MK based geopolymer with 98.56 %. The best S/

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Diverse material based geopolymer towards heavy metals removal: a review

2023 , Pilomeena Arokiasamy , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Monower Sadique , Liew Yun Ming , Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh , Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol , Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali

Metakaolin is a commonly used aluminosilicate material for the synthesis of geopolymer based adsorbent. However, it presents characteristics that restrict its uses such as weak rheological properties brought on by the plate-like structure, processing challenges, high water demand and quick hydration reaction. Industrial waste, on the other hand, contains a variety of components and is a potential source of aluminosilicate material. Geopolymer adsorbent synthesized by utilizing industrial waste contains a wide range of elements that offer better ion-exchangeability and increase active sites on the surface of geopolymer. However, limited studies focused on the synthesized of geopolymer based adsorbent by utilizing industrial waste for heavy metal adsorption in wastewater treatment. Therefore, this paper reviews on the raw materials used in the synthesis of geopolymer for wastewater treatment. This would help in the development of low cost geopolymer based adsorbent that has a great potential for heavy metal adsorption, which could deliver double benefit in both waste management and wastewater treatment.

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Hydroxyapatite incorporated metakaolin/sludge based geopolymer adsorbent for copper ions and ciprofloxacin removal : Synthesis, characterization and mechanisms

2024 , Pilomeena Arokiasamy , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Andrei Victor Sandu , Anna Fedrigo , Ratna Ediati , Shafiq Ishak , Noor Haida Mohd Kaus

The efficacy of copper Cu(II) adsorption is significantly affected by the presence of antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin (CIP). Therefore, researchers are highly interested in conducting extensive investigations on the simultaneous adsorption of Cu(II) and CIP. However, most of the adsorbents exhibited low adsorption capacity of CIP with increasing Cu(II) concentration due to the competition for adsorption sites. Hence, the integration of various adsorbents into a single composite could be an effective way to increase the adsorption sites. Thus, this study aims to incorporate hydroxyapatite (Hap) into metakaolin/sludge based geopolymer adsorbent for simultaneous adsorption of Cu(II) and CIP. The effect of different filler loading of Hap (1–3 %) on the metakaolin/sludge geopolymerization and also on the removal efficiency of Cu(II) and CIP were studied in a single and binary system. Moreover, the effects of varied concentrations of Cu(II) (0–100 mg/L) on the removal efficiency of CIP were investigated. Characterization techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) and neutron tomography imaging were employed to characterize the physicochemical properties of the synthesized geopolymer. It was found that the Hap content has a significant impact on the removal efficiency of CIP and Cu(II). The addition of 2 % Hap providing more nucleation site for the increasing geopolymerization (C-A-S-H) and silicoalumino phosphate gel (SAP) leading to the formation of highly cross-linked geopolymer network and abundant active sites which would favour the adsorption. Moreover, the removal efficiency of CIP by 2 % Hap-geopolymer increased (25.6 % to 61.51 %) with increasing Cu(II) concentration by the complexation and bridging effect between Cu(II) and CIP resulting in the formation of GMK25S1-2Hap-Cu(II)-CIP complexes. Therefore, the hybrid method of geopolymer and Hap is an exceptionally efficient approach for the treatment of wastewater that comprises Cu(II) and CIP.

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Evaluation on the mechanical properties of Ground Granulated Blast Slag (GGBS) and fly ash stabilized soil via geopolymer process

2021 , Syafiadi Rizki Abdila , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Romisuhani Ahmad , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Małgorzata Rychta , Izabela Wnuk , Marcin Nabiałek , Krzysztof Muskalski , Muhammad Faheem Mohd. Tahir , Muhammad Syafwandi , Marek Isradi

This study intended to address the problem of damaged (collapsed, cracked and decreased soil strength) road pavement structure built on clay soil due to clay soil properties such as low shear strength, high soil compressibility, low soil permeability, low soil strength, and high soil plasticity. Previous research reported that ground granulated blast slag (GGBS) and fly ash can be used for clay soil stabilizations, but the results of past research indicate that the road pavement construction standards remained unfulfilled, especially in terms of clay’s subgrade soil. Due to this reason, this study is carried out to further investigate soil stabilization using GGBS and fly ash-based geopolymer processes. This study investigates the effects of GGBS and ratios of fly ash (solid) to alkaline activator (liquid) of 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, and 3:1, cured for 1 and 7 days. The molarity of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the ratio of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was fixed at 10 molar and 2.0 weight ratio. The mechanical properties of the soil stabilization based geopolymer process were tested using an unconfined compression test, while the characterization of soil stabilization was investigated using the plastic limit test, liquid limit test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the highest strength obtained was 3.15 MPA with a GGBS to alkaline activator ratio of 1.5 and Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio of 2.0 at 7 days curing time. These findings are useful in enhancing knowledge in the field of soil stabilization-based geopolymer, especially for applications in pavement construction. In addition, it can be used as a reference for academicians, civil engineers, and geotechnical engineers.

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Crumb rubber geopolymer mortar at elevated temperature exposure

2022 , Ahmad Azrem Azmi , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali , Romisuhani Ahmad , Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Mohammad A. Almadani , Wysłocki, Jerzy J. , Agata Śliwa , Andre Victor Sandu

Low calcium fly ash is used as the main material in the mixture and the crumb rubber was used in replacing fine aggregates in geopolymer mortar. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) which were high alkaline solution were incorporated as the alkaline solution. The fly ash reacted with the alkaline solution forming alumino-silicate gel that binds the aggregate to produce a geopolymer mortar. The loading of crumb rubber in the fly ash based geopolymer mortar was set at 0%

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Effect of aluminium powder on kaolin-based geopolymer characteristic and removal of Cu²⁺

2021 , Nurliyana Ariffin , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Przemysław Postawa , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol , Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya , Agata Śliwa , Mohd Firdaus Omar , Jerzy J. Wysłocki , Katarzyna Błoch , Marcin Nabiałek

This current work focuses on the synthesis of geopolymer-based adsorbent which uses kaolin as a source material, mixed with alkali solution consisting of 10 M NaOH and Na2SiO3 as well as aluminium powder as a foaming agent. The experimental range for the aluminium powder was between 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2wt%. The structure, properties and characterization of the geopolymer were examined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Adsorption capacity and porosity were analysed based on various percentages of aluminium powder added. The results indicate that the use of aluminium powder exhibited a better pore size distribution and higher porosity, suggesting a better heavy metal removal. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+ approached approximately 98%. The findings indicate that 0.8% aluminium powder was the optimal aluminium powder content for geopolymer adsorbent. The removal efficiency was affected by pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The optimum removal capacity of Cu2+ was obtained at pH 6 with 1.5 g geopolymer adsorbent and 4 h contact time. Therefore, it can be concluded that the increase in porosity increases the adsorption of Cu2+.

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Potential of fly ash geopolymer concrete as repairing and retrofitting solutions for marine infrastructure: A review

2024 , Noor Fifinatasha Shahedan , Tony Hadibarata , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Muhammad Noor Hazwan Jusoh , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Ismallianto Isia , Ana Armada Bras , Aissa Bouaissi , Filbert Hilman Juwono

Corrosion in maritime infrastructure, particularly in reinforced concrete, has emerged as a significant cause for concern due to the presence of chloride ions in seawater. To address this challenge, geopolymer concrete has been proposed as a viable solution for retrofitting and restoring marine structures. This review paper explores the potential application of fly ash geopolymer concrete in marine infrastructure restoration. Fly ash's properties make it ideal for marine infrastructure restoration. Its high levels of amorphous silica and alumina enable geopolymerization, forming a strong binder resistant to chloride corrosion. Its fine, spherical particles enhance concrete workability and density, improving mechanical strength and impermeability. This geopolymer binder offers excellent resistance to corrosion from chloride ions commonly found in seawater, making fly ash geopolymer concrete highly suitable for marine applications. Overall, fly ash's chemical composition and physical traits offer resilience and sustainability in restoring marine infrastructure, ensuring long-term durability against corrosion. This review paper explores the potential application of fly ash geopolymer concrete in marine infrastructure restoration. By examining the primary forms of damage and mechanisms underlying concrete degradation in marine settings, this study highlights the durability and sustainability of geopolymer concrete compared to traditional concrete. Additionally, it discusses current solutions for repairing and retrofitting concrete in marine environments, emphasizing the promising characteristics of geopolymer concrete for integration into such structures. Through this analysis, innovative and environmentally conscious approaches are introduced for addressing corrosion-related challenges in the maritime industry, offering a resilient solution for the construction of enduring marine structures. Finally, recommendations for further research on the application of fly ash geopolymer concrete in marine infrastructure restoration are presented.

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Geopolymer ceramic application: a review on mix design, properties and reinforcement enhancement

2022 , Nurul Aida Mohd Mortar , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Rafiza Abdul Razak , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Ikmal Hakem Aziz , Marcin Nabiałek , Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya , Augustin Semenescu , Rosnita Mohamed , Mohd Fathullah Ghazli@Ghazali

Geopolymers have been intensively explored over the past several decades and considered as green materials and may be synthesised from natural sources and wastes. Global attention has been generated by the use of kaolin and calcined kaolin in the production of ceramics, green cement, and concrete for the construction industry and composite materials. The previous findings on ceramic geopolymer mix design and factors affecting their suitability as green ceramics are reviewed. It has been found that kaolin offers significant benefit for ceramic geopolymer applications, including excellent chemical resistance, good mechanical properties, and good thermal properties that allow it to sinter at a low temperature, 200 °C. The review showed that ceramic geopolymers can be made from kaolin with a low calcination temperature that have similar properties to those made from high calcined temperature. However, the choice of alkali activator and chemical composition should be carefully investigated, especially under normal curing conditions, 27 °C. A comprehensive review of the properties of kaolin ceramic geopolymers is also presented, including compressive strength, chemical composition, morphological, and phase analysis. This review also highlights recent findings on the range of sintering temperature in the ceramic geopolymer field which should be performed between 600 °C and 1200 °C. A brief understanding of kaolin geopolymers with a few types of reinforcement towards property enhancement were covered. To improve toughness, the role of zirconia was highlighted. The addition of zirconia between 10% and 40% in geopolymer materials promises better properties and the mechanism reaction is presented. Findings from the review should be used to identify potential strategies that could develop the performance of the kaolin ceramic geopolymers industry in the electronics industry, cement, and biomedical materials.

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Potential of soil stabilization using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash via Geopolymerization method: A Review

2022-01-01 , Syafiadi Rizki Abdila , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Romisuhani Ahmad , Nergis D.D.B. , Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim , Mohd Firdaus Omar , Sandu A.V. , Vizureanu P. , Syafwandi

Geopolymers, or also known as alkali-activated binders, have recently emerged as a viable alternative to conventional binders (cement) for soil stabilization. Geopolymers employ alkaline activation of industrial waste to create cementitious products inside treated soils, increasing the clayey soils’ mechanical and physical qualities. This paper aims to review the utilization of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)-based geopolymers for soil stabilization by enhancing strength. Previous research only used one type of precursor: fly ash or GGBFS, but the strength value obtained did not meet the ASTM D 4609 (<0.8 Mpa) standard required for soil-stabilizing criteria of road construction applications. This current research focused on the combination of two types of precursors, which are fly ash and GGBFS. The findings of an unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test on stabilized soil samples were discussed. Finally, the paper concludes that GGBFS and fly-ash-based geo-polymers for soil stabilization techniques can be successfully used as a binder for soil stabilization. However, additional research is required to meet the requirement of ASTM D 4609 standard in road construction applications, particularly in subgrade layers.

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