Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
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Preferred name
Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
Official Name
Shaiful Rizam, Shamsudin
Alternative Name
Shamsudin, Saiful Rizam
Shamsudin, S. R.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57923516300
Researcher ID
AFZ-3675-2022

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Modeling and Simulation of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters Models by using ATPDraw Software

2023-01-01 , Mohd Rafi Adzman , Ting K.X. , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin , Gunasilan M.

Lightning is a natural phenomenon that occurs quite often, especially in Malaysia. Lightning is very dangerous as the voltage of the lightning is very high which can affect human daily living by damaging the electrical and electronic components. Thus, the study of lightning surges is essential in order to coordinate insulation to the electric power system. The function of the surge protection device (SPD) is to divert the surge current from the distribution line. This paper performed a comparison performance of simplified modeling of metal oxide surge arrester (MOSA). The typical models of the surge protection devices (SPDs) such as the IEEE and Pinceti model were modeled and simulated using the ATPDraw software and the performance of those model were studied with several manufacturer surge arresters. The MATLAB software was used to obtain the results on the impulse voltage signal of the SPDs. Both models' performances are being investigated, and MATLAB has been used to examine the voltage data. According to the findings, the IEEE model is more effective for usage as a lightning arrester in MV networks.

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Root cause analysis on manufacturing defects in brass oxygen valves

2023-05-01 , Wan Mohd Haqqi Wan Ahmad , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin , Salleh S.H.M. , Mohd Rafi Adzman , Rajaselan Wardan , Mahalaksmi Gunasilan

Brass valves are widely used in oxygen gas cylinder systems to regulate pressure and ensure safe operation. The production methods for brass valves include hot forging (700 °C), stress-relieving (300 °C), shot blasting, machining, and selective chrome plating on the external surface. Pneumatic testing at 400 bar has detected more than 10 % of the product production was found to have signs of leakage, and the most severe was when there were visible hairline cracks on the inner wall. Therefore, several tests to investigate valve failure were conducted to identify the root cause of the failure using a series of microscopic methods on the failed sample as well as the as-received brass billet. The study found that hairline cracks in brass valves were most likely caused by internal dross originating from the billet that was not properly removed during the casting process. The presence of dross in the billet manufacturing stage was identified as the primary reason for valve failure. Hot forging and other manufacturing techniques were found to be insufficient to eliminate the formation of dross, leading to a deterioration in the mechanical properties of the valves. In order to overcome this issue, flux can be added to the molten brass to help remove impurities and reduce the formation of dross. As a result, the mechanical properties of the final product deteriorated even though it had gone through the forging process.

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Corrosion behaviour of mild steel : insights from tafel extrapolation analysis in flowing 3.5% NaCl solutions and soil with diverse resistivity levels

2024-12 , Mahalaksmi Gunasilan , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin , Nursalasawati Rusli , Mohd Rafi Adzman , Wan Mohd Haqqi Wan Ahmad

The corrosion behaviour of AISI 1006 steel in diverse environmental conditions were comprehensively investigated to offer valuable insights into corrosion mitigation strategies for critical infrastructure protection. This study employed an optical emission spectrometer, pH measurements, soil resistivity assessment, and Tafel extrapolation conducted with a potentiostat. The study encompassed stagnant and flowing 3.5% NaCl solutions, with flow velocities ranging from 0 to 12 km/h, and considered soil corrosiveness based on soil resistivity. In stagnant 3.5% NaCl solutions, minimal corrosion was observed due to limited oxygen availability, resulting in a 6.634 x 10¯3 mm/year corrosion rate. A noteworthy trend was evident in flowing 3.5% NaCl solutions, with corrosion rates peaking at 9 km/h (11.918 x 10¯3 mm/year) and subsequently decreasing at 12 km/h (10.423 x 10¯3 mm/year). This intriguing pattern may be attributed to the potential formation of a protective oxide layer at higher flow velocities, likely due to increased dissolved oxygen and mass transport. The soil's corrosiveness significantly influenced corrosion rates, with lower-resistivity soils exhibiting heightened corrosion rates. In very mildly corrosive soil, AISI 1006 steel displayed a corrosion rate of 2.818 x 10¯4 mm/year. The corrosion rate increased as soil corrosiveness intensified, reaching its peak of 6.319 x 10¯4 mm/year in severely corrosive soil. Extremely corrosive soil led to a corrosion rate of 8.033 x 10¯4 mm/year, as improved soil conductivity accelerated ion transfer and electron flow, ultimately expediting corrosionrelated electrochemical reactions. This study enhances the understanding of AISI 1006 steel corrosion in varying conditions, providing critical data for corrosion control in structures and assets, emphasising the need for tailored prevention measures.

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Determination of Protective Potential in the Zero Charge Corrosion Protection System

2020-11-24 , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin , Wardan R. , Rahmat A. , Mohd Nazree Derman , Sanusi M.S. , Mohd Fitri M.W.

Zero charge corrosion protection, ZCCP, is a new invention in the field of corrosion protection. It applies alternating current, AC, mode while the protective potential to ensure that the metal exposed in the corrosive environment still does not exist in any of the previous works of literature. The study was conducted by the voltage scanning within corrosion potential, Ecorr, and polarized potential, Eimpressed, using potentiostat. It was carried out by examining the behavior of the current flow in the circuit. The experimental results found that the protective potential for maximum protection in the ZCCP system is 0 mV. By keeping the AC metal potential at 0 mV, the surface will not acquire any charges, hence the corrosion reaction will be inhibited.

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Incoloy 800HT weldolet integrity in hot collector replica testing insights

2024-12 , Nur Farhana Hayazi , Ku Adri Azhan Ku Mohamad , Junaidi Che Halim , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin

In this paper, the integrity assessment of Primary Reformer’s hot collector weldolet in the fertilizer plant was conducted. It aims to discuss the findings of the relevant weldolet weldments which include dye penetrant test ultrasonic test, in-situ field metallography (replication), hardness measurements and rectification measures. The first step of the steam reforming process takes place in the Primary Reformer, where preheated hydrocarbon and steam mixture is passed downwards through vertical tubes containing catalyst. The hot gas that exited from the catalyst tubes is termed reformed gas and will enter two headers, namely hot and cold collectors. From then, the reformed gas will transform into raw ammonia synthesis gas after undergoing several processes. The facility was commissioned in 2006 and is still in operation. During the Plant Turnaround in 2022, the Primary Reformer’s hot collector weldolet component is categorised as high nickel content material, commercially known as Incoloy 800HT, was detected with circumferential crack at several locations. The operating temperature of the weldolet is 8110C. The observed damage mechanism of the crack was “Aged Phenomenon”. However, at four locations of the weldments, further dye penetrant test (DPT) and metallurgical testing using replica test had observed sigma phase microstructure which is related to sigma phase embrittlement (SPE) without any creep cavity observed. Finally, both occurrences were reported and reviewed.

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The efficiency of Zero Charge Corrosion Protection on pure Mg by Planned Interval Test

2020-11-24 , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin , Sanusi M.S. , Wardan R. , Azmi Rahmat , Mohd Nazree Derman

The concept of zero charge potential (Epzc) is manipulated to eliminates the effect of the electric double layer in order to mitigate the corrosion reactions through the zero-charge corrosion protection (ZCCP) method. The efficiency of the ZCCP method was examined by planned intervals test on pure Mg metal in 3.5% NaCl solution. The test results showed that the tendency of both liquid corrosiveness and metal corrodibility are decreased from -1562.7mm/yr (Eocp) to -98.2mm/yr (Epzc). ZCCP technique was succeeded by corrosion protection efficiency of pure Mg which was recorded between 93 to 96% in 3.5%) NaCl solution.

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Effect of porosity and water absorption on compressive strength of fly ash based geopolymer and OPC paste

2020 , SitiAisyah Razak , Farah Farhana Zainal , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin

The fly ash based geopolymer is a promising binder by activation of fly ash with an alkaline activating solution. The fly ash based geopolymer prepared was characterized by several methods. The experimental result, studies effect of the porosity and water absorption on compressive strength of fly ash based geopolymer and Ordinary Portland Cement paste for comparison. The porosity studies were determined using the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller method included nitrogen adsorption / desorption plots. Then followed by water absorption and compressive strength tested at 7 and 28 days curing time. The result shows that the porosity of fly ash based geopolymer paste was in the lower surface area, pore volume and pore size compared to Ordinary Portland Cement paste. The small pore size of the fly ash based geopolymer had a significant proportion of a micropores whilst Ordinary Portland Cement paste pores were mostly mesopores. The highest compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer can be achieved up to 76.723 MPa at 28 days when less of pore size and water absorption. Therefore, the paste based on geopolymeric materials is a better durability and high resistance to aggressive environment compared Ordinary Portland Cement paste.

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Influence of flow accelerated corrosion on corrosion protection of mild steel in 3.5% NaCl solution

2024-03-07 , Mahalaksmi Gunasilan , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin , Mohd Rafi Adzman , Siti Hawa Mohamed Salleh , Wan Mohd Haqqi Wan Ahmad , Mohamad K.A.A.K.

Mild steel is a primary material used to construct ships and other maritime structures. Corrosion protection systems are sometimes ineffective in aqueous mediums subjected to movement, flow, waves, and even turbulence under unpredictable conditions. This study aims to ascertain the influence of flow velocity on mild steel corrosion in the aqueous medium. The mild steel samples are immersed in a 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for five days. They were protected against corrosion using an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system. The flow velocity is increased to 200-800 rpm, while the stationary flow is also examined as a control. Data on the metal's potential and current density were collected, and the surface morphology was analyzed using a stereomicroscope. Corrosion protection occurs exclusively in stationary flow, whereas corrosion occurs in solutions flowing at a most studied velocity. Metals show corrosion severity levels ranging from 200 to 600 rpm with increasing current consumption and metal potential. At 800 rpm, the metal surface appears to begin passivating, reducing the current consumption and potential. The flow velocity accelerates corrosion, yet at the high-speed stream, the corrosion is slowed because the steel surface becomes passive and assists the corrosion protection.

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Effects of different pH of 3.5% NaCl solution on steel under zero charge corrosion protection technique

2021-11-12 , Wardan R. , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin , Sampasivam T. , Mohd Fitri M.W. , Yati M.S.D.

The study is carried out to understand the new corrosion protection technique, non-polarization concept, using current/voltage pulses to achieve a potential of zero charges (Epzc) of the metal-solution interface. As a result, a cost-saving and ecological method has been proposed as a new anti-corrosion method. In the methodology, U-bend samples are immersed in a 3.5% NaCl solution with different pH values. The readings prove the occurrence of electrochemical reaction, absence of charges, and the effect of Epzc. An examination on the ZCCP on low-carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution was analyze for 120 hours days. This study is carried out to understand the concept of corrosion behaviour and a new corrosion protection technique which applies non-polarization concept. A U-bend mild steel is used to corrosion effect in various pH values under zero charge protection. Samples were then immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution with different pH values. Electrochemical behaviour of steel sample in 3.5% NaCl solution was analysed by means of Tafel extrapolation. It was found that Ecorr and icorr recorded dissimilar readings at different pH values. As Ecorr rises, icorr drops from pH 6 to pH 9, hence corrosion rate also decreases from pH 6 to pH 9. Zero charge corrosion protection (ZCCP) technique is used to study the efficiency of corrosion protection method in different pH values. Readings of alternating current (IAC) and direct voltage (VDC) are recorded throughout the ZCCP experiment. These readings prove the occurrence of electrochemical reaction, absence of charges and the effect of Epzc.

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Effect on Current Density on Zero Charge Corrosion Protection of Pure Mg in 3.5% NaCl Solution

2021-11-12 , Gunasilan M. , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin , Mohd Rafi Adzman , Salleh S.H.M. , Sanusi M.S. , Ahmad W.M.H.W.

The cathodic protection uses two-electrode polarization, which requires large currents and substantial voltages. Efforts are being made to identify possibilities for improvements by developing zero-charge corrosion protection techniques. Studies were performed to determine the zero-charges potential effect by analyzing corrosion signs on reactive metal samples such as pure Mg. Mg samples were fed by current/voltage pulses for 120 hours, with specified pulse parameters and varied Ecorr- offsets, ranging from +2 to -218 mV. The volumetric hydrogen gas collection technique is used to determine the hydrogen evolution rate. Surface observation is carried out by stereomicroscope to determine the presence of corrosion signs on the sample surface. Overall, all current densities and hydrogen evolution rates had very low readings on the studied Ecor offset parameters. Mg samples fed with pulses at -1800 and -1900 mV vs SCE revealed zero charge potential effects since their surface was clean and showed no indications of corrosion even after being exposed to the corrosive solution for 120 hours. Thus, corrosion protection is successfully done and meets the Epzc condition.

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