Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar
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Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar
Official Name
Salwa, Mohd Zaini Makhtar
Alternative Name
Makhtar, Salwa Zaini
Makhtar, S. M.Z.
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Scopus Author ID
57222295195

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  • Publication
    Analysing impact of climate change on hydrological trend in Kelantan river basin using HEC-HMS coupled with SDSM
    (Springer, 2023)
    Muhammad Zahran Syahmi Armain
    ;
    Zulkarnain Hassan
    ;
    Sobri Harun
    ;
    Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol
    ;
    Ain Nihla Kamarudzaman
    ;
    Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar
    Climate change dramatically alters many hydrologic systems, which affects the availability of water and leads to runoff and river discharge. This study assessed the effects of the future scenario of climate change on the monthly river discharge of the Kelantan River Basin, Malaysia. Statistical DownScaling model (SDSM) was used to downscale the rainfall from large climate variables of the second-generation Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) under the Representative Concentration Pathways of 8.5 (RCP 8.5) and project future river discharge using the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS). From this study, the monthly rainfall and river discharge over the Kelantan River basin will be significantly reduced in the future by 30 and 50% compared to the current period.
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  • Publication
    Modeling and visualization of the changes of flow in the modular paver using ANSYS FLUENT
    (IOP Publishing, 2023)
    Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar
    ;
    Nor Amirah Abu Seman @ Haji Ahmad
    ;
    Ain Nihla Kamarudzaman
    ;
    Zulkarnain Hassan
    ;
    Noor Ainee Zainol
    ;
    Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar
    ;
    Mahyun Ab Wahab
    Increasing quantity of stormwater runoff is natural but problematic consequences of urbanization. In addressing the issue, the porous pavement usage with modular installation system has been the new alternative being experimented instead of the traditional impervious asphalt and concrete pavers. The effectiveness of porous pavement depends upon the media materials used. This study examined the potentials of an invented surface fill arrangement to be used in conjunction with the hexagonal modular system where the media tested consists of granular activated carbon (GAC), sand and zeolite. The resulting optimum bed heights of 5 cm, 5 cm and 0 cm respectively for the GAC, sand and zeolite, corroborated with the outcome of employing the optimization function, thus validating the reliability of the given arrangement. Modeling using CFD ANSYS FLUENT software and visualizing the changes in the hexagonal module filled with GAC and sand of 5 cm thickness each resulted in a flow velocity of 3.5 x 10-5 m/s while a physical experiment on the fixed filter bed media consisting of the two materials gave an unsaturated velocity of 3.08 x 10-5 m/s. The 12 % difference between the experimental and simulated velocities was considered acceptable. The results showed that GAC and sand can be used as the media for the modular paver system that treats stormwater for heavy metals contamination while serving as a practical porous pavement alternative.
  • Publication
    Preliminary study on flood simulation using the HEC-HMS model for Muda River, Malaysia
    (IOP Publishing, 2023)
    Zulkarnain Hassan
    ;
    Najiha H Mohd Razali
    ;
    Ain Nihla Kamarudzaman
    ;
    Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar
    ;
    Nor Aisyah Syafiqah Nordin
    Flooding poses a severe threat to human beings and causes significant damage to property, infrastructure, and agricultural production. The flood also has severe consequences for socio-economic activities and can lead to the loss of human life. One of the significant factors that cause the flood is rapid development, especially in the floodplain area. This study estimates the flood discharge along the Muda River, Malaysia using Hydrological Modelling System (HEC-HMS). The finding shows that the HEC-HMS model performed well during the validation period, in which the coefficient determination (R2) between observed and simulated discharge during the validation process ranges from 0.51-0.84. In terms of design flood, the model simulated the peak flow with 1247-1448.8 m3/s and 1798.5-3662.5 m3/s for 50 and 100-year ARIs, respectively. The results obtained from this study can be used as fundamental data for advanced studies of flood control and management for better sustainable flood risk management.