Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar
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Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar
Official Name
Salwa, Mohd Zaini Makhtar
Alternative Name
Makhtar, Salwa Zaini
Makhtar, S. M.Z.
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Scopus Author ID
57222295195

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  • Publication
    Microbial fuel cell as new renewable energy for simultaneous waste bioremediation and energy recovery
    (IOP Publishing, 2023)
    Muhammad Lutfan Aiman Zamri
    ;
    Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar
    ;
    Mohamad Farhan Mohamad Sobri
    ;
    Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar
    Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an outstanding technology recently creating the headlines relating to energy and environment field that been discovered since the earlier 20th century. It has been furthered implemented for energy renewable through simultaneous bioremediation of wastes. MFC works by converting chemical energy store in the waste into electrical energy with the help of selected microorganisms. Regarding to this, the principle of bioremediation was applied using MFC as the renewable energy where the microorganisms consume the substrate thus generating electrical energy. Many studies done by researches are mostly focusing on MFC utilizing waste and measuring the power generation on different type of MFC but lack of studies on the effect of series and parallel circuit in MFC setup and how does it differentiate the outcome of the studies. This paper reviews the history, working principle, design of MFC, classification of different substrates and its power output and the effect of series and parallel circuit of MFC setup for simultaneous bioremediation and energy recovery.
  • Publication
    Predicting physical clogging of modular paver equipped with filter media
    (IOP Publishing, 2023)
    Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar
    ;
    Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar
    ;
    Mohammad Tamizi Selimin
    Porous pavements are simple to retrofit, good at improving the hydrology and quality of the water, but prone to clogging. There is little knowledge on the physical clogging processes through these systems, even though they play a significant role in the lifespan of porous pavements. This study's objectives were to comprehend the primary physical mechanisms that control physical clogging and create a straightforward hexagonal modular (HM) model that can forecast physical congestion. A filtration system with a layered filter media granular activated carbon (GAC) and sand was installed. The clogging agent was found trapped only on the mesh because of the sizes of some of the material being larger than the size of mesh opening, while the voids of the media material were found to be not of a major effect in this respect. With the GAC and sand layers combined, the hydraulic conductivity was determined to be 0.097 cm/s and this k value can be considered low for the purpose.
  • Publication
    Modeling and visualization of the changes of flow in the modular paver using ANSYS FLUENT
    (IOP Publishing, 2023)
    Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar
    ;
    Nor Amirah Abu Seman @ Haji Ahmad
    ;
    Ain Nihla Kamarudzaman
    ;
    Zulkarnain Hassan
    ;
    Noor Ainee Zainol
    ;
    Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar
    ;
    Mahyun Ab Wahab
    Increasing quantity of stormwater runoff is natural but problematic consequences of urbanization. In addressing the issue, the porous pavement usage with modular installation system has been the new alternative being experimented instead of the traditional impervious asphalt and concrete pavers. The effectiveness of porous pavement depends upon the media materials used. This study examined the potentials of an invented surface fill arrangement to be used in conjunction with the hexagonal modular system where the media tested consists of granular activated carbon (GAC), sand and zeolite. The resulting optimum bed heights of 5 cm, 5 cm and 0 cm respectively for the GAC, sand and zeolite, corroborated with the outcome of employing the optimization function, thus validating the reliability of the given arrangement. Modeling using CFD ANSYS FLUENT software and visualizing the changes in the hexagonal module filled with GAC and sand of 5 cm thickness each resulted in a flow velocity of 3.5 x 10-5 m/s while a physical experiment on the fixed filter bed media consisting of the two materials gave an unsaturated velocity of 3.08 x 10-5 m/s. The 12 % difference between the experimental and simulated velocities was considered acceptable. The results showed that GAC and sand can be used as the media for the modular paver system that treats stormwater for heavy metals contamination while serving as a practical porous pavement alternative.