Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Publication
    Durability properties of demineralized and torrefied Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) pellets
    The pelletization of raw and demineralized and torrefied empty fruit bunch (TDEFB) were conducted upon mixing with bio-oil that was obtained from EFB pyrolysis. The ratio of bio-oil addition to raw and TDEFB was varied from 0-20 wt%. Then it was pressed using the single pellet press machine. The effects of the ratio of bio-oil addition to raw and TDEFB and the thickness of pellets were evaluated towards its durability. It was identified that the ratio of bio-oil addition to raw and TDEFB pellet of 5 wt% had produced the optimum durability which was 69.27 and 74.46 % respectively. In terms of the thickness of the raw and torrefied pellets, it was determined that at thickness of 3 cm, the durability was the highest which were 70.12 and 71.12 % for both raw and TDEFB pellets respectively. The raw and TDEFB pellets were analysed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy in order to evaluate the presence of functional groups within the materials. The presence of O-H hydroxyl group, C=O from carbonyl or ester and C-H alkane groups are detected in both raw and torrefied pellets.
  • Publication
    Software-Defined Network Testbed Using ZodiacFX a Hardware Switch for OpenFlow
    ( 2017-01-01)
    Fahad Nazir
    ;
    Qazi Humayun
    ;
    ;
    Shamsul Jamel Elias
    Software-defined network (SDN) is a new programmable networking designed to perform tasks easier by enabling network administrators to add network control via a centralized control platform and open interfaces. Common network use procedures such as traffic shifts, troubleshooting and various types of device configuration. Thus devices are needed to reconfigure with the network, in order to create a reaction with events. In this paper, we have developed an SDN testbed using Zodiac FX a hardware switch for OpenFlow experiment. This research is utilized Zodiac FX a hardware switch to test the usage and discuss about the SDN controllers. Ryu controller is configured for testbed development. The main contribution of this paper in threefold as follows: first it provides the configuration of Ryu controller, second, it provides the configuration of Zodiac FX switch and lastly it develops a simple SDN testbed for OpenFlow.
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