Nor Helya Iman Kamaludin
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Nor Helya Iman Kamaludin
Official Name
Nor Helya Iman, Kamaludin
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Kamaludin, Nor Helya Iman
Kamaludin, N. H. I.
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Scopus Author ID
57163428800
Researcher ID
DVR-1806-2022

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  • Publication
    Evaluation and Enhancement of Polylactic Acid Biodegradability in Soil by Blending with Chitosan
    ( 2023-06-01)
    Nor Helya Iman Kamaludin
    ;
    Ismail H.
    ;
    Rusli A.
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Hakimah Osman
    This study highlights the soil burial degradation of polylactic acid/chitosan (PLA/Cs) biocomposites prepared by the melt compounding technique. The effect of various Cs loadings (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 parts per hundred parts of polymer (php)) and soil burial periods (0, 2, 6, 12 months) on visual observation, weight loss, changes in functional groups, as well as tensile, thermal, and morphological properties were analyzed. The PLA/Cs biocomposites became brittle and showed more fragmentation with increasing Cs content and buried time. The result correlates with a remarkable increase in weight loss percentage of about ~ 192%, with Cs addition from 2.5 to 10 php at the end of soil degradation. Besides, a decrement in peak intensity at 1751 cm−1 and 1087 − 1027 cm−1 after 12 months signifies the breakdown of PLA ester bonds due to the hydrolytic degradation. This correlates to a significant drop of 60% and 55% in tensile strength and elongation at break, respectively, in the 2.5 php sample, whilst further Cs addition resulted in the broken of the biocomposites at the end of the soil degradation. Yet, no significant difference was observed in the tensile modulus. A consistent stiffness in the biocomposite suggests the degradation occurs in the amorphous region and leaves the crystalline part. This is proven by the 70% increment in crystallinity degree in all samples after 12 months of soil burial. Moreover, surface morphology showed numerous and extended crack formations. It proposes a notable deterioration effect of the biocomposite due to biodegradation. The hydrophilicity of Cs enhances water-polymer interaction, thereby accelerating the biodegradation of polymer components. Therefore, Cs could be a good candidate for facilitating PLA biodegradation in the natural soil environment.
      1  27
  • Publication
    Processing, tensile and morphological characteristics of polylactic acid/ Chitosan biocomposites prepared by melt compounding technique
    ( 2020-09-21)
    Nor Helya Iman Kamaludin
    ;
    Ismail H.
    ;
    Rusli A.
    ;
    Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    Biodegradable polymers of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (Cs) has a great potential as alternative candidates to replace conventional synthetic plastic apart to reduce the plastic waste pollution due to the unique properties of superior mechanical strength, feasible processability and rapid degradation. In this work, PLA/Cs biocomposites were prepared via melt compounding and compression moulding techniques in the absence of any plasticizer and additive. The effect of chitosan loading (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 php) on processing, tensile and morphological characteristics of PLA/Cs were evaluated using internal mixer, universal testing machine and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. Processing characteristic indicates PLA/Cs biocomposites demonstrated higher processing torque in comparison to neat PLA due to the increase in melt viscosity and decrease in chain mobility of the polymeric materials. Tensile test results revealed that the maximum strength (54.60 ± 0.51 MPa) and tensile elastic modulus (2.67 ± 0.01 GPa) was attained by PLA/2.5Cs biocomposite. In fact, the addition of chitosan content up to 10 php results in significant decreased in tensile strength and elongation at break of 23.38 ± 0.37 MPa and 0.96 ± 0.04 %, respectively. This is supported by the electron micrograph observation of the PLA/2.5Cs tensile fractured surfaces that exhibits uniform dispersion and good interfacial adhesion between chitosan and PLA matrix which signifies higher tensile properties. However, more agglomeration and poor filler-matrix interaction was observed with further addition of chitosan content of above 7.5 php which implies deterioration in tensile properties. The results suggest that the incorporation of low chitosan loading improve the processing, tensile and polymer compatibility in PLA/Cs biocomposites.
      5  29