Nooraizedfiza Zainon
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Nooraizedfiza Zainon
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Nooraizedfiza, Zainon
Alternative Name
Nooraizedfiza, Z.
Zainon, Nooraizedfiza
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Scopus Author ID
55322624900
Researcher ID
DKB-9248-2022

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Investigation on the Effect of Printing Parameters on Flexural properties of 3D Printed Polymeric Scaffolds

2022-01-24 , Nur Syahirah Mohd Tamizi , Nooraizedfiza Zainon , Mohd Azaman Md Deros , Basri A.A.

Thermoplastic polymers (PLA) are used for bone scaffold reconstruction that helps facilitate the transportation of oxygen and nutrients, including cell activity such as migration, proliferation, attachment, and differentiation. Throughout evaluation of polymer scaffold of its mechanical properties that could heal human body injuries after implantation. However, these ideal parameters for polymeric scaffolds in terms of flexural characteristics are undefined in tissue engineering applications. The Taguchi approach was employed using an orthogonal array L9 to study the ideal print parameters for 3D printing and the elements that most influence flexural qualities, as well as to forecast the highest flexural strength that could be reached with the optimal printing parameter. Furthermore, the flexural test is an appropriate test to evaluate the mechanical properties of the scaffold. The Taguchi technique determined that a printing speed of 90 mm/s, a layer height of 0.2 mm, and a density of 60% infill was the optimal combination of parameters. Besides, Printing speed showed as the most significant factor contribution while the infill density is the lowest contributor. The maximum level of printing speed, the average percentage of infill, and the medium layer height are the best parameter combinations. Parameter optimization on the most influential contributor indicates the printing speed of the specimen. Thus, the parameter for the selected factor in scaffold fabrication was optimized with a significant contribution. The predicted flexural strength was 383.92 MPa, while actual test obtained was 360.221 MPa with an error of 6.57 %.

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Image Processing Approach for Detection and Quantification of Corrosion Behaviour of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

2022-01-01 , Zuraila Iberahim , Mohd Zamzuri Mohammad Zain , Abdul Halim Ismail , Alias J. , Muhammad Aiman Ahmad Fozi , Nooraizedfiza Zainon , Marina Marzuki

The AZ91D magnesium alloy is known for its high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent machinability and good castability making it an ideal material to be used in automotive components fabrication. But due to its weak corrosion resistance towards the environment, identifying and quantifying AZ91D magnesium alloy corrosion behaviour before any manufacturing processes can be a huge impact and may provide useful information to the manufacturers. The limitation of conventional corrosion detection and quantification methods also justify the further needs of image processing approach in this study. This paper study the feasibility of an image processing approach using the automatic thresholding method and various manual thresholding level in order to identify the corrosion attack on the AZ91D magnesium alloy. This method converts the original colour image to grayscale image and then convert it to binary image. Then through image processing approach, the image will be segmented to non-corroded and corroded area and labelled as 0 (black) and 1 (white) and make it easier to analyze. The white dots (1) distribution was then presented in percentage to shows that the pitting corrosion on the surface can be identified better by using the Otsu’s method of automatic thresholding. The resulting image of various thresholding shows which thresholding values successfully portray similarity of the original corrosion image. Thus, this increases the reliability of AZ91D magnesium alloy corrosion detection and quantification via image processing approach.

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Doping content dependencies on the structure modification and bandgap broadening of Al induced sol-gel derived ZnO nanostructures

2021-10 , Marina Marzuki , Mohd Zamzuri Mohammad Zain , Wan Abdul Rahman Assyahid Wan Ibrahim , Nooraizedfiza Zainon , Rozie Nani Ahmad

This paper reports the Al doping content dependence on structure modification and band gap wid-ening of sol-gel synthesised Al-doped ZnO thin films. The precursor, solvent and stabiliser used to prepare ZnO solution were Zinc Acetate Dihydrate, 2-propanol and ethanolamine, respectively. Mo-larity fractions of 0, 4, 6 and 8% of Al (NO3)2 as dopant source was incorporated into ZnO host system and prepared by individual buffer solutions. The prepared sols were subsequently deposited onto ITO glass substrates, and the resultant thin films were characterised. XRD patterns exhibit the polycrys-talline nature of pure and doped ZnO films, with preferred orientations correspond to (1 0 0), (0 0 2) and (1 0 1) planes. Lattice shrinking is indicated by the decrease lattice constant c due to axial com-pression. Peaks shifting towards higher angle are observed implying a structural modification over doped thin films that affects the optical properties, which agrees with the lattice shrinking. The ab-sorption edge has an obvious blueshift to the shorter wavelength with increased dopant content. The thin films’ energy bands were procured by Tauc’s linear extrapolation and was found to be broaden-ing from 3.32 eV to 3.34 eV in 6% Al-doped ZnO. There exists a significant correlation between the applied doping level and the extend of variation of structural properties and ultimately, lattice im-perfection. Doping of smaller-atom-sized Al into ZnO concedes with the Burstein-Moss principles. 6% Al doping imposes the highest peak shift and ultimately has the highest impact on lattice parameter and energy band.

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Investigation on the physical properties of magnesium feedstocks for metal injection moulding

2018 , Nooraizedfiza Zainon

Magnesium and its alloy are found to be extremely biocompatible and have similar properties to natural bone. This makes them an attractive material for the manufacture of biodegradable parts such as biomedical implant. As biomedical implants are rather small and complex in shape, the metal injection moulding (MIM) technique seems to be well suited for the near net shape mass production of such parts. This research investigated the physical properties of the magnesium feedstocks for metal injection moulding process. The detail study on the feedstocks behavior was conducted including critical loading determination, mixing kinetics, rheology study, green molded properties, solvent debinding process, and sintering. The binder used in this study were paraffin wax (PW), palm stearin (PS), stearic acid (SA), zinc stearate (ZS), high density polyethylene (HDPE), waste rubber (WR), and waste plastic (WP). The critical powder volume concentration (CPVC) of Mg powder was conducted using oil absorption test at room temperature. In this study, the rheological properties and behaviors of magnesium metal injection moulding feedstock was investigated using capillary rheometry. After injection moulding, the density, strength, and morphology of the green molded part was investigated using Archimedes density concept, 3 point bending test, and scanning electron micrograph, respectively. The effect of the leaching time and temperature on the solvent debinding process of Mg metal injection moulding (MIM) green part has been investigated. In this study, both soluble binder, paraffin wax and stearic acid molecules were removed from the Mg green part by immersing compact parts in heptane solution. Then, the solvent debinding rate has been investigated under the conditions of different leaching time, temperature, and surface area to volume ratio. The weight loss percentages of paraffin wax and stearic acid were calculated and the pores structure was analyzed by scanning electron micrograph. The effective diffusivity and activation energy of the soluble binder have also been studied. Sintering process has been carried out in 2 cycles which are debinding cycle and sintering cycle. For debinding cycle, the temperature was 450 °C with heating rate 1K/min and soaked for 1 hour. While the sintering cycle was set at 640 °C with heating rate of 5K/min and sintered for 8 hours. The result obtained for CPVC was 69 vol.% and the optimum powder loading was at 65 vol.%. The rheological results exhibited the pseudoplatic behavior and suggested feedstocks containing PWPEWPSA in the binder system as the best feedstocks. The optimum temperature was 60 ºC with immersion time of 360 minutes. Effective diffusivity was higher at dissolution stage as compared to diffusion stage. The dissolution activation energy (Q) was about 3-5 times higher than diffusion activation energy. The density of obtained sintered part was 1.134 g/cm3.

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Doping content dependencies on the structure modification and bandgap broadening of Al induced sol-gel derived ZnO nanostructures

2021-10 , Marina Marzuki , Mohd Zamzuri Mohammad Zain , Wan Abd Rahman Assyahid Wan Ibrahim , Nooraizedfiza Zainon , Rozie Nani Ahmad

This paper reports the Al doping content dependence on structure modification and band gap wid-ening of sol-gel synthesised Al-doped ZnO thin films. The precursor, solvent and stabiliser used to prepare ZnO solution were Zinc Acetate Dihydrate, 2-propanol and ethanolamine, respectively. Mo-larity fractions of 0, 4, 6 and 8% of Al (NO3)2 as dopant source was incorporated into ZnO host system and prepared by individual buffer solutions. The prepared sols were subsequently deposited onto ITO glass substrates, and the resultant thin films were characterised. XRD patterns exhibit the polycrys-talline nature of pure and doped ZnO films, with preferred orientations correspond to (1 0 0), (0 0 2) and (1 0 1) planes. Lattice shrinking is indicated by the decrease lattice constant c due to axial com-pression. Peaks shifting towards higher angle are observed implying a structural modification over doped thin films that affects the optical properties, which agrees with the lattice shrinking. The ab-sorption edge has an obvious blueshift to the shorter wavelength with increased dopant content. The thin films’ energy bands were procured by Tauc’s linear extrapolation and was found to be broaden-ing from 3.32 eV to 3.34 eV in 6% Al-doped ZnO. There exists a significant correlation between the applied doping level and the extend of variation of structural properties and ultimately, lattice im-perfection. Doping of smaller-atom-sized Al into ZnO concedes with the Burstein-Moss principles. 6% Al doping imposes the highest peak shift and ultimately has the highest impact on lattice parameter and energy band.

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Improvement of Corrosion Resistance of Rare-Earth Element (REE) – Based Anodic Coating on Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy

2021-01-01 , Nursyifa' Hamir Hamzah , Nur Liyana Mohd Rosli , Nooraizedfiza Zainon , Siti Khalijah Kamarudin

AZ91D alloy has been widely used in fields of materials science, tissue engineering, biomedicine, and analytical science due to its simple preparation, low-cost, and high biocompatibility. To overcome their weaknesses which low corrosion resistance due to high surface reactivity. The effectiveness of the lanthanum (La) on corrosion resistance, has exhibited great potentials for improving its protective properties. AZ91D alloy has been coated with lanthanum nitrate and magnesium nitrate through anodizing at fixed concentration and treatment time, with various current density. Surface roughness, elemental compositional analysis, surface morphology analysis, and corrosion behavior were analyzed for the corrosion response at various current density. JIS H 0541 Standard was used to determine the corrosion rate of the samples. It is showed that the sample undergoing 10 mA/ cm2 current density indicated the highest corrosion resistance due to their value on corrosion rate 8.6 mm/year was the lowest value and their surface roughness 0.199 µm was in the range of recommended roughness for a biomedical implant.

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