Zulkarnay Zakaria
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Zulkarnay Zakaria
Official Name
Zulkarnay, Zakaria
Alternative Name
Zakaria, Z. N.
Zakaria, Zulkarnay
Zakaria, Z.
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Scopus Author ID
24403085300
Researcher ID
F-5218-2010

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Dielectric spectroscopy technique for carbohydrate characterization of fragrant rice, brown rice and white rice

2017-11-20 , Cheng Ee Meng , Kok Yeow You , Lee KimYee , Abbas Z. , Hasliza A Rahim @ Samsuddin , Khor Shing Fhan , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Lee Y.S.

This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of microwave dielectric spectroscopic technique in characterizing commercial rice due to different level of moisture content. There are some unethical rice industry runner mixes good qualities of rice which can be sold at high price with low cost and quality of rice to maximize profit. It causes fraudulency in business and great lost in term of money to nation who take rice as staple food. It happens frequently in Asian country which is active in agricultural activities. This technique is implemented using Keysight E8362B network analyzer in conjunction with an Keysight 85070E dielectric probe ranging from 200 MHz to 10 GHz. The samples of study are commercially available at market, namely fragrant rice, white rice, and brown rice, respectively. These are the popular and favorite rice for Malaysian due its delicacy and affordable price. Nutrient level for fragrant rice, white rice, and brown rice in terms of protein, moisture, carbohydrate and fat are different and unique. It leads to various electromagnetic responses toward frequency. Dielectric and reflection measurement were conducted to characterize these rice. The presence of polar and non-polar molecules in nutrient of rice causes variation of dielectric and reflection behavior over the operating frequency range.

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Initial results on magnetic flux leakage (MFL) diagnosis device

2010-06-09 , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Wan Alimin Wan Zain

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) is among the famous and expensive technique in large scale oil and gas pipe diagnosis system. This technique apply strong magnetic fields to detect any strange in the inner surface of the pipes such as corroded, crack or other symptoms which is bad to the pipe condition. The aim of this research is to develop a small scale, low cost and portable magnetic flux leakage (MFL) diagnosis system which suitable in to detect the defect the inner side of steel pipe or steel tank structures. Other than industries, the possible application of this research is in the hospital piping and medical tanks. Through this system, the liquid or material inside the pipe or tank no need to take out, and this will not disturb the inside process. This non destructive developed system applies a coil together with Hall Effect sensor that senses the strength of the generated magnetic flux. The detected magnetic flux is then converts to voltage value by the Hall Effect sensor. The value of the converted voltage is different depends on the magnetic flux density, and this flux density will base on the types of the pipe or tank surface. The condition of the surface is then display on the LCD which is also part of the new developed MFL system.

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Feasibility analysis of microwave frequency to detect wood for potential microwave application

2017-03-13 , Thomas W.K.T. , Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman , Soh Ping Jack , Ruzairi Abdul Rahim , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Vernoon Ang Wei Neing , Lean Thiam Siow

Microwave frequency has the potential to assist and improve forest product industry in terms of quality and quantity. Consequently, it has been selected to perform non-destructive inspection on wood which is defected or contains resin internally. This paper describes an experiment to determine the relationship between the attenuation of microwave signals and the different diameters of the holes in tree trunks. This analysis can be used as a reference for an optimal setup for a new microwave tomography aimed at the inspection of valuable wood trunks.

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A comprehensive review of the recent developments in wearable Sweat-Sensing Devices

2022-10-01 , Nur Fatin Adini Ibrahim , Norhayati Sabani , Shazlina Johari , Asrulnizam Abd Manaf , Asnida Abdul Wahab , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Anas Mohd Noor

Sweat analysis offers non-invasive real-time on-body measurement for wearable sensors. However, there are still gaps in current developed sweat-sensing devices (SSDs) regarding the concerns of mixing fresh and old sweat and real-time measurement, which are the requirements to ensure accurate the measurement of wearable devices. This review paper discusses these limitations by aiding model designs, features, performance, and the device operation for exploring the SSDs used in different sweat collection tools, focusing on continuous and non-continuous flow sweat analysis. In addition, the paper also comprehensively presents various sweat biomarkers that have been explored by earlier works in order to broaden the use of non-invasive sweat samples in healthcare and related applications. This work also discusses the target analyte’s response mechanism for different sweat compositions, categories of sweat collection devices, and recent advances in SSDs regarding optimal design, functionality, and performance.

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Analysis of magnetic coil properties in magnetic induction tomography using FEMM software

2010-09-06 , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Shahril Najib Ismail , Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman

In Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) application, the needs of having the best spec of magnetic coil are very important since this is among the factors that will provide the best reconstructed image of the object that is going to be scanned. This report focuses on analysis of magnetic coil properties using Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) software. The analysis is done based on the Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) model which consists the application of four coils and four Hall Effect sensors. The simulation through this FEMM software will provide the magnetic field patterns of the system with different coil parameter in sensing the phantoms which is located at the centre of the modeled MIT system. The parameters which produced the best magnetic field pattern will be chosen as the selected parameters for the coil when the MIT hardware is going to be developed

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Evaluate of vest massage therapy with rotating pressure based on pre-experimental methods

2025-04 , Erika Loniza , Siti Nurul Aqmariah Mohd Kanafiah , Yessi Jusman , Zulkarnay Zakaria

Many postpartum mothers complain that their milk production is too low to supply the baby’s needs. There are two essential substances in the milk: the prolactin hormone and the oxytocin hormone. Consequently, there are two ways to stimulate these hormones: massage techniques such as breast care and oxytocin massage. This study aims to design vest therapy devices to expedite breast milk production. With the use of vest therapeutic devices, it can be observed that the amount of breast milk production increases. This research uses a pre-experimental method in postpartum mothers, which uses the vest massage therapy and does not use the vest massage therapy. Accidental sampling was used as the sampling method for this study, and the data were analyzed using the independent t-test. It is hoped that making Vest therapy devices can facilitate breastfeeding for postpartum mothers with the aim that they can increase the amount of breast milk and supply the milk for the babies in the early stage of their life. The test result discovered an increase in breast milk volume in breastfeeding mothers by an average of 7.3 ml in postpartum mothers who used vest therapy equipment compared to the previous amount of milk produced.

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Bio mineral fillers reinforced polymer composites

2022-01-06 , Munusamy Y. , Sethupathi S. , Ismail H. , Zulkarnay Zakaria

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Computed Tomography Virtual Lab Software application in Biomedical Electronic Engineering Programme at University Malaysia Perlis

2010-06-09 , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman , Saidatul Ardeenawatie Awang , Nur Farahiyah Mohamad , Azaian Azamimi Abdullah , Ruzairi Abdul Rahim

Computed Tomography (CT) is a medical imaging method and is among the common equipment or machine in a hospital which is vital in imaging certain parts of human body for the purpose of screening and detecting of deceases like cancers, tumors and several others by producing characteristics of the internal structure of the object such as dimensions, shape, internal defects, and density. CT is a powerful nondestructive technique for producing cross sectional image 2D or 3D depends on the technologies applied. Since its introduction in the 1970s, CT has become an important tool in medical imaging to supplement Xrays and medical ultrasonography. In University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Computed Tomography and Applications has been offered as an elective course in Biomedical Electronic Engineering Programme. In this course, the student are introduced to the Computed Tomography Virtual Lab Software which has been developed by Tomographic Imaging Research Group, School of Mechatronic Engineering, UniMAP in 2009 as part of the teaching aids. Through this approached, the course are more attractive and the students are found easier in understanding the concept of basic tomography system, image reconstruction process, limitations and several possible of error sources.

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Non-invasive breast cancer assessment using magnetic induction spectroscopy technique

2017-01-01 , Hang Jo Ann , Lynn Sim Su-Shi , Zulkarnay Zakaria

Breast cancer has become one of the main concern for all human being especially women. Most breast cancer happen in women because women have denser breast tissues than men and breast cells of women are always exposed to changes in hormones, including oestrogen, which increase the risk for women to get breast cancer. The common breast cancer imaging modalities have their own limitations which could be one of the reason for increasing number of breast cancer reported beside unawareness for the disease from the patients themselves. Therefore, early detection and treatment which involve non-invasive technique is more encouraging for its lesser physical and mental harm to patients. This paper describes single channel magnetic induction technique as an alternative method for breast cancer assessment. The simulation was done to investigate the most feasible shape of sensor coil and best range of frequency value to detect breast cancer. The study has found that the circular coil performs better than square coil and the applied frequency range must be high for detecting the conductivity property distribution of breast tissues. The study has proven that magnetic induction spectroscopy technique can be used for breast cancer assessment.

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Comparison of Algebraic Reconstruction Technique Methods and Generative Adversarial Network in Image Reconstruction of Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT)

2021-11-25 , Lubis A.J. , Nashrul Fazli Mohd Nasir , Zulkarnay Zakaria , Muzammil Jusoh , Azizan M.M. , Mohd Zakimi Zakaria , Mohd Nor Fakhzan Mohd Kazim , Rahman S.

Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a technique used for imaging electromagnetic properties of objects using eddy current effects. The non-linear characteristics had led to more difficulties with its solution especially in dealing with low conductivity imaging materials such as biological tissues. Two methods that could be applied for MIT image processing which is the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART). ART is widely used in the industry due to its ability to improve the quality of the reconstructed image at a high scanning speed. GAN is an intelligent method which would be able to carry out the training process. In the GAN method, the MIT principle is used to find the optimum global conductivity distribution and it is described as a training process and later, reconstructed by a generator. The output is an approximate reconstruction of the distribution's internal conductivity image. Then, the results were compared with the previous traditional algorithm, namely the regularization algorithm of BPNN and Tikhonov Regularization method. It turned out that GAN had able to adjust the non-linear relationship between input and output. GAN was also able to solve non-linear problems that cannot be solved in the previous traditional algorithms, namely Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Tikhonov Regularization method. There are several other intelligent algorithms such as CNN (Convolution Neural Network) and K-NN (K-Nearest Neighbor), but such algorithms have not been able to produce the expected image quality. Thus, further study is still needed for the improvement of the image quality. The expected result in this study is the comparison of these two techniques, namely ART and GAN to get the best results on the image reconstruction using MIT. Thus, it is shown that GAN is a better candidate for this purpose.

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