Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan
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Preferred name
Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan
Official Name
Fahmi, Muhammad Ridwan
Alternative Name
Fahmi, Muhammad Ridwan
Fahmi, M. R.
Fahmi, R. M.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57224170122
Researcher ID
F-5541-2011

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Pilot scale single chamber up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell for wastewater treatment and electricity generation

2017-04-06 , Thung W.E. , Ong Soon An , Ho Li Ngee , Wong Yee Shian , Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan , Oon Yoong Ling , Oon Yoong Sin , Harvinder Kaur Lehl

Pilot scale up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell (UFML-MFC) was constructed to study feasibility of the bioreactor for simultaneous degradation of organic substance and electricity generation. The performance of the UFML-MFC was evaluated with different anode electrode (cube carbon felt and stacked carbon felt) in terms of voltage output, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Coulombic efficiency (CE). Carbon flake were used as cathode in the UFML-MFC. UFML-MFC was operated in three stages where included batch-fed, end of batch fed and semi-continuous. The Cube carbon felt as anode have the better performance in terms of voltage output and electricity generation in all 3 stages. Maximum voltage output was 0.311 ± 0.004 V at 75% of COD reduction and thus CE was 0.15%. The result shows the operational mode is the key to improve the voltage output and also COD reduction.

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The effect of iron doping on ZnO catalyst on dye removal efficiency

2020-06-10 , Tzewei T. , Abdul Haqi Ibrahim , Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin , Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan

Dyes often being use in many manufacturing processes. Hence, the wastewater resulted from the manufacturing process contain colour which need to be removed before being emitted into any water bodies. Photocatalysis is a method which effectively treating wastewater using photocatalyst. ZnO is an example of semiconductor material which is use as a photocatalyst in the treatment method. Doping with transition metals can improve its properties to maximize its photocatalytic efficiency. In this study, the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc oxide doped Fe (ZnO/Fe) photocatalyst for dye removal efficiency were investigated. The photocatalysts were successfully synthesized through sol-gel method and characterized by SEM, FTIR and EDX. The photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and ZnO/Fe was studied by degrading methylene blue (MB) under the exposure of 3 hours of sunlight with varies operational condition. Optimal photocatalytic efficiency operating parameters were performed by Design Expert 10 using the Response Surface Method (RSM). ZnO appeared as regular shape compared to ZnO/Fe which most of the particles had clumped together. The removal efficiency of MB was increase when the dosage of catalyst increased. However, once the optimum dosage of catalyst exceeded, the removal efficiency of MB reduced. During the experiment, 30 mg of ZnO was capable to remove 90% of MB from the solution. When while, ZnO/Fe exhibited better result as it could remove up to 95% of MB using only 10 mg of ZnO/Fe during the treatment. It can be concluded that doping the ZnO with Fe could improve the catalytic ability of ZnO to degrade MB in wastewater.

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Distribution and Characteristic Sediment Material of Watershed Deli River-Sumatera, Indonesia

2024 , Yunita Pane , Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan , Zulkarnain Hassan

Abstract Rivers are a source of surface water and bring benefits to human life. River water quality changes along with the development of the river environment which is influenced by various activities and human life. Deli River is one of the rivers used by the people of Medan-North Sumatra as a provider of clean water and various other daily activities and is also used as a transportation route for fishermen. This study aims to determine the flooding conditions that often occur in the Deli River, this is caused by the shallowness and narrowness of the river body. In this study, the quantitative method was taking sediment samples at several points along the river starting from upstream, middle, and downstream with research time on 7 July 2023. The results obtained from this study were river sediment material along the Deli River from upstream to downstream generally has a grain size of 65% sand, a grain size of 26% clay, a grain size of silt 6.3%, and a grain size of gravel 3.7%. The upstream sediments are dominated by sand-sized sediments and in the middle (between the upstream and downstream) the sediments are dominated by clay-sand-sized sediments, while the downstream sediments are predominantly sandy loam. The flooding of the Deli River is caused by the reduced capacity of the river, high intensity of rainfall in the upper reaches, and narrowing of the river and high sediment deposits in the middle to lower reaches so flooding often occurs along the Deli River.

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Removal of palm oil mill effluent by using electro-oxidation process

2020-06-10 , Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin , Sabri S.N. , Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan , Bashir Mohammed J.K. , Abdul Haqi Ibrahim , Nazerry Rosmady Rahmat , Mohamed Hussein N.F. , Mahiran N.Q.

Wastewater includes the Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) that gives adverse impacts to the environment especially for water pollution when it is not treated properly. POME are known to have various types of liquids, residual oil and suspended solid as it has very high strength waste in its untreated form. Although conventional biological processes are normally efficient for the degradation of pollutants occurring in wastewater, most of these compounds are not effectively removed. As a result, further treatment is needed to meet more stringent discharge standards of Department of Environment (DOE). This research focused on treatment of POME by using electro-oxidation process (EO). It was done to identify the performance of EO process for colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH3-N), and turbidity removal as well as the relative effects of different operational parameters such as pH, type of electrodes and contact time. The pH was varied from 3 to 11, the electrodes were aluminium and iron and the contact time was from 0 to 120 min. The most suitable pH, contact time and type of electrode were pH 3, 120 min and Al electrode.

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Reactive Green 19 degradation using O3/S2 O8(2-) process: Intermediates and proposed degradation pathway

2022-01-01 , Mohd Razali N.A. , Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin , Ong Soon An , Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan , Abdul Haqi Ibrahim , Siti Nasuha Sabri , Kow Su Huan , Safya Abdul Malik

The massive drawbacks of conventional wastewater treatment have led to a demand investigation about new advanced wastewater treatment technology. The issue can be addressed via advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as witnessed recently. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the performance of ozone/persulfate ((Formula presented.)) process to assess its use as potential degradation of diazo dye which is Reactive Green 19 (RG19). In this work, efficiency, color, and COD removal were investigated over a range of initial pH, persulfate concentration and initial concentration of RG19. The amount of sodium persulfate ((Formula presented.)) was varied at different levels (20–100 mM) relative to precursor radical to assess the optimum usage of persulfate concentration for RG19 degradation. Evidence that RG19 could degrade efficiently had occurred at 100 mg/L, initial pH 9, 60 mM persulfate concentration was identified by FTIR and GC/MS analysis. The results revealed that RG19 could achieve complete decolorization easily as compared to mineralization. In addition, RG19 degradation pathway gave the best representation of level degradation. The GC/MS and FTIR results exhibited the proposed RG19 degradation pathway that involved the characteristic of sulfonic group, (Formula presented.) accompanied with (Formula presented.) became as an indicator of their structure broken down one by one. The degradation products such as oxalic acid, formic acids and others were analyzed and finally converted to carbon dioxide and water. The diazo dye structure itself aided with (Formula presented.) has its superior characteristic as an aid for the efficient degradation process.

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Preliminary screening oxidative degradation methyl orange using ozone/ persulfate

2018 , Nur Aqilah Razali , Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin , Ong Soon An , Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan , Abdul Haqi Ibrahim , Siti Nasuha Sabri , Su Huan Kow

The present study focusing on the performances of advanced oxidation process by using ozonation method towards Methyl Orange based on the efficiency of colour removal and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal. Factorial design with response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the interaction between operational conditions, such as pH, initial concentration, contact time and persulfate dosage to obtain the optimum range conditions using a semi-batch reactor. The range of independent variables investigated were pH (3-11), initial concentration (100-500mg/L), contact time (10-50min) and persulfate dosage (20-100mM) while the response variables were colour removal and COD removal of Methyl Orange. The experimental results and statistical analysis showed all the parameters were significant. Thus, from this findings, optimization of operational conditions that had been suggested from the ozone/persulfate RSM analysis were (pH 3, 100 mg/L, 50min, 60mM) that would be produced 99% Colour Removal and 80% COD Removal and help in promoting an efficient ozonation process. The effect list data that showed the most contributed effects to increase the percentages of colour removal were pH and persulfate dosage whereas the contact time and initial concentration had the highest positive effects on the COD removal. Other than that, the interaction between pH, contact time and persulfate dosage were found to be the most influencing interaction. Therefore the least influencing interaction was interaction between persulfate dosage and pH. In this study, the correlation coefficient value R2 for colour removal and COD removal of Methyl Orange were R2= 0.9976 and R2= 0.9924 which suggested a good fit of the first-order regression model with the experimental data.

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Treatment of O3 with Na2S2O8 by ANOVA Interpretation towards degradation of azo dye

2018-12 , Noor Ashikin Mohd Razali , Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin , Ong Soon An , Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan , Abdul Haqi Ibrahim , S. N. Sabri , S.H. Kow , S.A. Malik

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) especially ozonation method is widely studied in the wastewater treatmentfield. In this study, it highlighted about threemainenvironmental issues in the world such as1) proposing a method to overcome uncontrollable effluents from textile industriesby using syntheticdyes; 2)creating an improvementof previous conventional method; 3) reduced process time by using statistical approach.To address with this issue, analysis of variance (ANOVA)from Response Surface Methodology (RSM)to study the performance of O3with the help of persulfate (Na2S2O8) for treating one of azo dyes which is Reactive Green 19.This is due to there isvery limited work done by statistical analysis on this study. Hence, ANOVA data would proposestatistical models tailored to the data in 2D and 3D contour plots by knowing the three influenced parameterswhich is pH(6 to 10),persulfate concentration (30to 70mM) and contact time (4 to 20 min). Through the analysis, the result can be concluded that improvement of ozonation process with persulfate (Na2S2O8) werestatistically significant after allinteractive effectsgave a positive feedback towards responses.The obtained optimum conditions included a persulfate concentration (49mM), initial pH (8.89) and contact time (18 min) with fixed initial concentration 100mg/L. The experimental results were corresponded well with predicted models colour removal rates which is 99%.

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Influence of leachate matrix on oxidation performance of ozonation and aops

2022-12-15 , Kow Su Huan , Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan , Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin , Najihah Abdul Rashid , Naimah Ibrahim , Abdul Haqi Ibrahim , Ong Soon An , Wikurendra E.A. , Handayani D.

Landfill leachate is a critical environmental issue that should be adequately treated to prevent it from spreading to the environment. This study explored the influence of raw leachate matrix and treated leachate matrix on O3, O3/H2O2, and O3/PS performance. O3 and AOPs were conducted in a laboratory-scale batch reactor. The findings showed the degradation of p-cresol, COD, and humic substances was much slower in treated leachate matrix than in raw leachate matrix. However, color was found easier to remove in treated leachate. The results revealed a synergic effect between molecular O3 and dissolved organic matter in the raw leachate as the O3 performance was enhanced in the presence of raw leachate matrix, except for color removal. The highest degradation of more than 90% was achieved in O3 /H2 O2 to remove COD, p-cresol, and humic substances, although it is the most affected by the leachate matrix. This study provides vital insight into the notable performance of O3 /PS in color removal regardless of the influence of leachate matrix, suggesting that the sulfate radical-induced oxidation outperformed O3 and O3 /H2 O2 in reducing nitrogen-containing compounds.

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Influence of leachate matrix on oxidation performance of ozonation and aops

2022-12-15 , Kow S.H. , Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan , Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin , Najihah Abdul Rashid , Naimah Ibrahim , Abdul Haqi Ibrahim , Ong Soon An , Wikurendra E.A. , Handayani D.

Landfill leachate is a critical environmental issue that should be adequately treated to prevent it from spreading to the environment. This study explored the influence of raw leachate matrix and treated leachate matrix on O3, O3/H2O2, and O3/PS performance. O3 and AOPs were conducted in a laboratory-scale batch reactor. The findings showed the degradation of p-cresol, COD, and humic substances was much slower in treated leachate matrix than in raw leachate matrix. However, color was found easier to remove in treated leachate. The results revealed a synergic effect between molecular O3 and dissolved organic matter in the raw leachate as the O3 performance was enhanced in the presence of raw leachate matrix, except for color removal. The highest degradation of more than 90% was achieved in O3 /H2 O2 to remove COD, p-cresol, and humic substances, although it is the most affected by the leachate matrix. This study provides vital insight into the notable performance of O3 /PS in color removal regardless of the influence of leachate matrix, suggesting that the sulfate radical-induced oxidation outperformed O3 and O3 /H2 O2 in reducing nitrogen-containing compounds.

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Effect of ozonation on COD fractionation of wastewater from poultry processing industry

2020-06-10 , Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan , Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin , Abdul Haqi Ibrahim , Kan S.L.E. , Loong J.E. , Roshasmawi Abdul Wahab

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of ozonation on the solubility and biodegradability of wastewater from poultry processing industry. In addition, the wastewater also characterized based on the COD fractionation. The wastewater sample used was collected from Advance Chicken Processing (M) Sdn. Bhd., Perlis, Malaysia. Ozonation process was carried out in a semi-batch glass reactor which has a 2 L volume. The COD fractionation of poultry wastewater indicated that non-biodegradable COD is predominant compare to other fractions. However, the wastewater is containing higher percentage biodegradable COD comprehensively. It is expected that ozonation treatment would transform both particulate and soluble non-biodegradable COD towards biodegradable constituent that easily remove by biodegradation. The removal of COD was significant at ozonation duration up to 5 min. However, COD removal efficiency was only increased slightly with the increased of the ozonation duration after 5 min. This may be due to the fact that ozonation for long time would possibly producing constituent that inhibit ozone dissociation.

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