Conference Publications
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PublicationHermite-Gaussian mode-selective multicore fiber for space division multiplexing(AIP Publishing, 2024)A recent paradigm in optical communications is the utilization of eigenmodes as an additional attribute for increasing the data-carrying capacity of a communication channel. In space division multiplexing, few-mode fiber or multicore fiber may be used to transmit several data streams independently using eigenmodes. In this paper, we use Hermite-Gaussian modes for selective excitation of three independent channels in a multicore space division multiplexing system
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PublicationPerformance analysis on denoising filters with new edge-directed interpolation for fingerprint images(Springer, 2025)In image processing such as image interpolation, denoising filters are one of the most fundamental requirements. It is important in order to preserve the image quality and its edges’ properties. In this paper, we analyse the performance of seven different image denoising filters on fingerprint images. The fingerprint images were filtered and interpolated using New Edge-Directed Interpolation (NEDI) method. The image quality assessment (IQA) metrics that were used to assess the denoising filters quality are Edge-Based Image Quality Assessment (EBIQA), Non-Shift Edge Based Ratio (NSER), and Gradient Conduction Mean Square Error (GCMSE). The best image denoising filter is the Conservative Smoothing filter while the worst is the Laplacian filter.
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PublicationA Study on the effectiveness of atmospheric air plasma in sterilization on indium tin oxide(Springer, 2024-12)Atmospheric air plasma is a cold plasma and its application is enhanced nowadays as an alternative to a sterile surface that cannot withstand high temperatures and chemical material. For instance, the consumption of smartphones among health workers in hospitals was said to be a cause that can spread pathogens to patients widely in the wards. Moreover, the smartphone consists of components that are sensitive to high temperatures and chemical materials that would give corrosion effects. The aims are to investigate the surface changes of indium tin oxide (ITO) after exposure to air plasma and to investigate the effectiveness of atmospheric air plasma by inactivating Escherichia coli (E-coli). The morphological test was conducted to study the surface changes of ITO using SEM. The microbiological test was conducted to examine the validity of the atmospheric air plasma in inactivating E-coli. The result revealed that 24V, 1L/min, 1.0mm copper thickness was capable of inactivating E-coli within 30 s without changing the ITO surface. However, more studies still need to be conducted in the future work for improving and get an accurate result in air plasma set-up for sterilization.
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PublicationE-Nose: spoiled food detection embedded device using machine learning for food safety application(Springer, 2024)This research aims to employ machine learning (ML) to classify the degree of contamination in leftover cooked foods based on their smell. This study evaluates the odour characteristics of typical leftover cooked lunch or dinner meals that are consumed locally in Malaysia. An easy-to-use e-nose application was attached to the food containers, consisting of four different types of sensors sensitive to various gases, to collect the data. RStudio is used to analyze samples in order to identify the odour classification of leftover Malaysian food. The accuracy ranged from 90% to 100% when using the oversampling and undersampling techniques. The results of this re-search showed satisfactory performances by Support Vector Machines (SVM) is superior compared to that of k-Nearest Neighbours (k-NN) in classifying the samples’ contamination degree. As a result, the findings showed that the electronic nose used in this study was a promising method for classifying the degree of contamination in leftover cooked foods and predicting whether food is still edible or not. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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PublicationBreast surface variation phase map analysis with digital fringe projection(SPIE, 2019)Breast carcinoma has become one of the most frequently diagnosed life threatening cancer among women. Early detection of breast cancer is highly essential with the aid of non-contact imaging modalities. Recently, non-contact breast imaging methods based on fringe projection has been developed for breast surface change inspection. In this work, a non-contact digital fringe projection imaging modality that utilizes phase shifting fringe patterns for identifying surface changes has been developed for investigating breast surface changes caused by the presence of tumors. A medical grade prosthetic breast was used as the experimental subject and subjugated to breast changes through the enlargement of a round shaped silicon catheter as a tumor. The fringes were projected onto the breast surface based on the three steps phase shift fringe projection. The fringe patterns consisted of a large fringe width to enable the breast image to be confined in fewer fringe patterns. A resulting phase map was obtained where pixel coordinate marking was conducted on the phase map breast image. Each of the pixel’s coordinate was compared to identify the location of the surface changes. A range of 2-9 pixel coordinate shifts from the 0.5 – 2 cm tumor growth were obtained from the results which demonstrated the capability of using phase map analysis from digital fringe projection in identifying surface changes of the women’s breast.