Journal Articles

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14170/14933

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  • Publication
    Low-cost integrated circuit packaging defect classification system using edge impulse and ESP32CAM
    (Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES), 2025-02)
    Muhammad Adni Kamaruddin
    ;
    Mohd Syafiq Mispan
    ;
    Aiman Zakwan Jidin
    ;
    Haslinah Mohd Nasir
    ;
    Nurul Izza Mohd Nor
    Defects in integrated circuit (IC) packaging are inevitable. Several factors can cause defects in IC packaging such as material quality, errors in machine and human handling operations, and non-optimized processes. An automated optical inspection (AOI) is a typical method to find defects in the IC manufacturing field. Nevertheless, AOI requires human assistance in the event of uncertain defect classification. Human inspection often misses very tiny defects and is inconsistent throughout the inspection. Therefore, this study proposed a low-cost IC packaging defect classification system using edge impulse and ESP32-CAM. The method involves training a deep learning model (i.e., convolutional neural network (CNN)) using a dataset of non-defective and defective ICs on Edge Impulse. For defective ICs, the top surface of the ICs is deliberately scratched to imitate the cosmetic defects. ICs with scratch-free on their top surfaces are considered non-defective ICs. A successfully trained model using Edge Impulse is subsequently deployed on ESP32-CAM. The model is optimized to fit the limited resources of the ESP32-CAM. By using the built-in camera in ESP32-CAM, the trained model can perform a real-time image classification of non-defective/defective ICs. The proposed system achieves 86.1% prediction accuracy by using a 1,571 image dataset of defective and non-defective ICs.
  • Publication
    Parametric studies of CPW pentagonal Sierpinski gasket fractal patch antenna
    (Polish Electrical Association, 2023)
    Amier Hafizun Ab Rashid
    ;
    Badrul Hisham Ahmad
    ;
    Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Abd Aziz
    ;
    Nonikman Hassan
    ;
    Mazlee Mazalan
    The parametric study on a dual band CPW Pentagonal Sierpinski gasket fractal patch antenna for WiMAX and WLAN applications is presented in this work. In order to accomplish and advantages of multi-band, broadband, high gain, and low-profile antennas, novel geometries must be developed due to the limits of the conventional antenna design, Sierpinski gasket fractal structure is chosen to improve the antenna performance. The work began with Antenna A as the initiator step with pentagonal patch with CPW technique. Then, it goes with Antenna B was the first iteration stages with pentagonal slot. After that, the work continued by five different parametric studies are chosen in this work to define the effect of different dimensions of the patch antenna. The first and second parametric study works include a different width and length size of the patch antenna at Antenna A. The other three involved in the Antenna B, are including the different dimensions of the CPW/feeding antenna gap, feed line, and lastly the slot width dimension. At 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz, the antenna's aimed frequencies are - 31.70 dB and - 22.00 dB, respectively, and these values are feasible for WiMAX and WLAN operation.