In recent years, metal oxide, especially in the form of powders, is extensively studied owing to their unique and novel properties. In this regard, this chapter provides a thorough description of current advances on the synthesis and preparation of metal oxide powders. The chapter begins with the introduction and motivation of the preparation of synthetic metal oxide powders. This is followed by the description of the synthesis and preparation method of metal oxide powders, which can be categorized into chemical methods, physical methods, and biological methods. Several important methods under each category were described with examples. This chapter ends with concluding remarks with views on the recent progress and future challenges of metal oxide powders research.