Optimal sizing of a hybrid system through particle swarm optimization for rural areas in Iraq

In today's modern world, any community has the right to access basic electricity. With this in mind, efforts are being made to provide electric power to even the most remote locations. Solar and wind energy are examples of renewable energy sources that are both clean and versatile. For a distant rural school in south-eastern Iraq, this research presents particle swarm optimization (PSO) to reduce the cost of energy (COE) according to the maximum dependability of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) by utilizing an integrated electrical generation system. The suggested hybrid system consists of photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines (WT), and batteries (BT), all of which are subject to a specific investment restriction. Results showed that the optimal sizing of the number of photovoltaics (NPV) is equal to (9), the number of wind turbines (NWT) equal to (6), the number of batteries (NBT) of (29), the cost of energy (COE) (0.536 US$/kwh), loss of power supply probability (LPSP) (0.091%), reliability (REL) (99.909%) and renewable factors (RF) (100%) with (59%) PV penetration, and (41%) WT penetration. As a result, the use of the hybrid system is justified from a technological, economic, and humanitarian standpoint.