In this study, a membraneless photocatalytic fuel cell with zinc oxide loaded carbon photoanode and platinum loaded carbon cathode was constructed to investigate the impact of dissolved oxygen on the mechanism of dye degradation and electricity generation of photocatalytic fuel cell. The photocatalytic fuel cell with high and low aeration rate, no aeration and nitrogen purged were investigated, respectively. The degradation rate of diazo dye Reactive Green 19 and the electricity generation was enhanced in photocatalytic fuel cell with higher dissolved oxygen concentration. However, the photocatalytic fuel cell was still able to perform 37% of decolorization in a slow rate (k = 0.033 h−1) under extremely low dissolved oxygen concentration (approximately 0.2 mg L−1) when nitrogen gas was introduced into the fuel cell throughout the 8 h. However, the change of the UV–Vis spectrum indicates that the intermediates of the dye could not be mineralized under insufficient dissolved oxygen level. In the aspect of electricity generation, the maximum short circuit current (0.0041 mA cm−2) and power density (0.00028 mW cm−2) of the air purged photocatalytic fuel cell was obviously higher than that with nitrogen purging (0.0015 mA cm−2 and 0.00008 mW cm−2).
