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Mechanical, chemical and physical characteristics of palm kernel shell and polystyrene mixture pellets

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cris.virtual.department Universiti Malaysia Perlis
cris.virtual.department Universiti Malaysia Perlis
cris.virtual.department Universiti Malaysia Perlis
cris.virtual.department Universiti Malaysia Perlis
cris.virtualsource.department 29a63de6-af2c-45be-8c05-15031d335d2c
cris.virtualsource.department fb43e523-19de-4799-899d-a57792cb80c4
cris.virtualsource.department 62a947df-5935-4418-94ae-670a14d2cf03
cris.virtualsource.department f58ac619-1d2d-4161-8cff-29ab0cf4e1cc
dc.contributor.author Syafiq Syahidan Mohamad
dc.contributor.author Mohd Hafif Basha Mohamad Jamel Basha
dc.contributor.author Mohd Fadzli Hamid
dc.contributor.author Ras Izzati Ismail
dc.contributor.author Md. Tasyrif bin Abdul Rahman
dc.contributor.author Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin
dc.date.accessioned 2026-05-11T05:07:12Z
dc.date.available 2026-05-11T05:07:12Z
dc.date.issued 2024-07-30
dc.description.abstract The pelletization of biomass has the potential to replace fossil fuels as a source of energy. Pellet characteristics such as high durability and low moisture content are essential for making a good pellet. There are currently no studies on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of pellets made from a mixture of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) and Polystyrene Plastic (PS). The focus of this research is to analyze the effect of different PS mass percentage on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of PKS-PS pellets. The PKS-PS mixture percentage is varied from 100%-0%, 70%-30%, and 50%-50% with varying corn starch binder percentages of 0%, 2%, and 4%. From the findings, increasing the PS mass percentage in the mixture decreases the density and moisture content. Furthermore, increasing the PS mass percentage increases the volatile matter while decreasing the ash content. Compressive strength and impact resistance increase significantly with higher PS mass percentage. Adding corn starch as a binder agent increases the impact resistance and compressive strength of the pellet, regardless of the PKS-PS mixture percentage.  To conclude, producing pellet blends of PKS and PS utilizing corn starch as a binder agent has excellent results for both mechanical properties testing, resulting in high-quality pellets that are less prone to breaking during combustion.
dc.identifier.doi 10.37934/aram.122.1.3243
dc.identifier.uri https://semarakilmu.com.my/journals/index.php/appl_mech/article/view/7412/5512
dc.identifier.uri https://semarakilmu.com.my
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14170/16262
dc.language.iso en
dc.publisher Semarak Ilmu Publishing
dc.relation.ispartof Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics
dc.relation.issn 2289-7895
dc.subject Co-densification
dc.subject Palm kernel shell
dc.subject Pellets
dc.subject Polystyrene
dc.title Mechanical, chemical and physical characteristics of palm kernel shell and polystyrene mixture pellets
dc.type Resource Types::text::journal::journal article
dspace.entity.type Publication
oaire.citation.endPage 43
oaire.citation.issue 1
oaire.citation.startPage 32
oaire.citation.volume 122
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Malaysia Perlis
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Malaysia Perlis
oairecerif.author.affiliation TAJ International College, Perak
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Malaysia Perlis
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Malaysia Perlis
oairecerif.author.affiliation Universiti Malaysia Perlis
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