This research investigates the performance and economic viability of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules in the Alserir region of the Libyan Sahara Desert, with a focus on their efficiency under extreme desert conditions. The study addresses the need for reliable and cost-effective solar energy solutions in arid regions, where high temperatures and dust accumulation significantly affect PV system performance. The main objectives were to design PV systems using both bifacial and monofacial PV modules, evaluate their energy outputs, and improve their performance and economic feasibility in desert climates. The research methodology involved collecting and analyzing real-world data, as well as conducting advanced simulations using PVSYST software, to perform a comprehensive economic analysis, including calculations for Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and return on investment (ROI). The findings showed that bifacial PV modules outperformed monofacial modules, generating slightly more energy (52,934 kWh/year vs. 52,908 kWh/year), with the potential to increase energy production by 10-20% and reduce costs by up to 15%. These results highlight the superior efficiency of bifacial modules, which, by capturing light from both sides, minimize energy waste and maximize power generation. The study concludes that bifacial PV modules provide a highly effective and economically viable solution for sustainable energy generation in desert regions. Their improved efficiency and reduced costs make them well-suited for overcoming the environmental challenges of desert climates, positioning bifacial technology as a key driver for the expansion of solar energy in such demanding environments.
