This study aims to summarize the current state of scientific knowledge on factors that contribute to heat generation during the bone drilling process and how these aspects can be better understood and avoided in the future through new research methodologies. Frictional pressures, mechanical trauma, and surgical methods can cause thermal damage and significant micro-fracturing, which can impede bone recovery. According to current trends in the technical growth of the dental and orthopedic industries’ 4.0 revaluation, enhancing drill bit design is one of the most feasible and cost-effective alternatives. In recent years, research on drilling bones has become important to reduce bone tissue damage, such as osteonecrosis (ON), and other problems that can happen during surgery. Reviewing the influence of feed rate, drill design, drill fatigue, drill speed, and force applied during osteotomies, all of which contribute to heat generation, was a major focus of this article. This comprehensive review can aid medical surgeons and drill bit makers in comprehending the recent improvements through optimization strategies for reducing or limiting thermal damage in bone drilling procedures used in the dental and orthopedic industries.
