Zarina Zakaria
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Zarina Zakaria
Official Name
Zarina, Zakaria
Alternative Name
Zakaria, Zarina
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Researcher ID
36459339400

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Optimization of an ultrasound-assisted extraction method for phenolic content in Momordica Charantia seeds and its antifungal activity against Pleurotus Ostreatus Green Mold Pathogen

2023-09 , Norhidayah Abd Aziz , Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh , Nur Umi Masjida Ahmad Fauzi , Azlina Harun Kamaruddin , Muhamad Ikmal Sirozi , Zarina Zakaria , Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath , Amira Farzana Samat

Phenolic compounds from fruits and plant parts showed several biological properties such as antifungal activity. This study reports the optimized conditions for total phenolic content (TPC) extraction from Momordica charantia seeds using ultrasound-assisted extraction and its antifungal activity against Pleurotus pulmonarius green mold (GM) pathogens. Using water as solvent, a response surface methodology (RSM) was employed involving three independent factors including liquid to solid ratio (LSR) (10:1–60:1), pH (3.0–9.0), and extraction time (2–8 min). ANOVA suggested only parameters of pH and LSR were significant to produce TPC yield of 166.7 mg GAE/g, at optimized conditions of pH9.0 and LSR 10:1. The antifungal activity of optimized momordica seed extract (MSE) was tested against P. pulmonarius GM pathogens; Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum. MSE presented antifungal activities against all tested strains, in a dose and strain-dependent manner. The highest growth inhibition was achieved when using 2.5 ml of extract for both Trichoderma sp. and P. citrinum with 63.1% and 89.2% inhibition, respectively. Meanwhile, 3.5 ml of extract was needed to achieve 79% inhibition on A. flavus. Conclusively, the use of non-toxic green solvent such as water, assisted with ultrasound power, is useful to produce MSE with antifungal activities as an alternative approach to chemical fungicides for the protection of grey oyster mushroom from GM pathogen.

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Growth revival of grey oyster (Pleurotus Pulmonarius) powder culture mushroom from the effect of spray drying temperature

2024 , Zarina Zakaria , Fatihah Aziz , Mohd Sharizan Md Sarip , Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh

In mushroom cultivation, spawn is among the most important factors that ensure a successful production. Considering several drawbacks from both solid and liquid spawn in shelf life and preservation matters, it is suggested that the dry powder form of spawn is a good potential to explore. A study of powder culture formation using a spray dryer involved various inlet temperatures of 80 ⁰C, 90 ⁰C, 100 ⁰C, 110 ⁰C, 120 ⁰C and 130 ⁰C. The yield % of the dried powder culture was measured and it was found that 130 ⁰C yielded the highest percentage of 50.33%. The lowest temperature yielded the lowest percentage. On the other hand, the lowest temperature of 80 oC revived the highest mycelium dry weight at 1.68 g which was obtained on the 10th day of the incubation periods. The revival ability was decreased with the increase of temperature. The study proved that the powder culture of P. pulmonarius was able to perform and revive whereby it holds a potential to be preserved over a longer period, which is beneficial for the mushroom cultivator.

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