Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Nik
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Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Nik
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Wan Mohd Faizal, Wan Nik
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  • Publication
    Turbulent Kinetic Energy of Flow during Inhale and Exhale to Characterize the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Nik
    ;
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Yaakob M.N.C.
    ;
    Ghazali N.N.N.
    ;
    Zainon M.Z.
    ;
    Ibrahim N.B.
    ;
    Razi R.M.
    This paper aims to investigate and present the numerical investigation of airflow characteristics using Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) to characterize the upper airway with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) under inhale and exhale breathing conditions. The importance of TKE under both breathing conditions is that it show an accurate method in expressing the severity of flow in sleep disorder. Computational fluid dynamics simulate the upper airway’s airflow via steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) with k–ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. The three-dimensional (3D) airway model is created based on the CT scan images of an actual patient, meshed with 1.29 million elements using Materialise Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS) and ANSYS software, respectively. High TKE were noticed around the region after the necking (smaller cross-sectional area) during the inhale and exhale breathing. The turbulent kinetic energy could be used as a valuable measure to identify the severity of OSA. This study is expected to provide a better understanding and clear visualization of the airflow characteristics during the inhale and exhale breathing in the upper airway of patients for medical practitioners in the OSA research field.
      1  20
  • Publication
    Computational fluid dynamic study of the pharyngeal airway characteristics before and after mandibular setback surgery in patients with mandibular prognathism
    (Penerbit Akademia Baru, 2022-03-01)
    Aqilah N.
    ;
    Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Nik
    ;
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Ghazali N.N.N.
    ;
    Zainon M.Z.
    ;
    Ismail M.A.
    Mandibular prognathism had been one of the most inconvenienced deformities developed in humans. This type of deformity possesses a protruded mandible jaw, and it can cause inconvenience in talking chewing and affect the aesthetic of the person diagnosed with this problem. However, this problem can be solved through mandibular setback surgery. This surgery will reposition the mandible jaw backward. The main concern of this surgery is, by repositioning the mandible jaw backward, the cross-sectional area of the airway will also be reduced. This condition might induce the iatrogenic of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Thus, this study analyzed the characteristic of the pharyngeal airway in pre-treatment and post-virtual-operative conditions. This analysis simulates the pharyngeal airway with the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method. The respondent's data was obtained from computed tomography (CT) scan and was modeled into a 3-dimensional (3D) model. The simulation process takes place using the 3D model, mesh generation, and boundary conditions set-up. The flow pattern, pressure drop, airway wall shear stress, and turbulent kinetic energy were compared between both simulations. The simulations result present that, after the surgery, the pharyngeal airway decreases significantly. The pressure drop, flow pattern, airway wall shear stress (WSS), and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) seem more significant around the critical plane in the post-treatment condition. However, these factors did not contribute to the OSA as it is not large enough to become the cause of OSA.
      3  7