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Chemical Distributions of Different Sodium Hydroxide Molarities on Fly Ash/Dolomite-Based Geopolymer

2022-09-01 , Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Romisuhani Ahmad , Sandu A.V. , Vizureanu P. , Benjeddou O. , Rahim A. , Ibrahim M. , Sauffi A.S.

Geopolymers are an inorganic material in an alkaline environment that is synthesized with alumina–silica gel. The structure of geopolymers consists of an inorganic chain of material and a covalent-bound molecular system. Currently, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) has caused carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions which causes greenhouse effects. This analysis investigates the impact on fly ash/dolomite-based-geopolymer with various molarities of sodium hydroxide solutions which are 6 M, 8 M, 10 M, 12 M and 14 M. The samples of fly ash/dolomite-based-geopolymer were prepared with the usage of solid to liquid of 2.0, by mass and alkaline activator ratio of 2.5, by mass. After that, the geopolymer was cast in 50 × 50 × 50 mm molds before testing after 7 days of curing. The samples were tested on compressive strength, density, water absorption, morphology, elemental distributions and phase analysis. From the results, the usage of 8 M of NaOH gave the optimum properties for the fly ash/dolomite-based geopolymer. The elemental distribution analysis exposes the Al, Si, Ca, Fe and Mg chemical distribution of the samples from the selected area. The distribution of the elements is related to the compressive strength and compared with the chemical composition of the fly ash and dolomite.

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Synthesis of Metakaolin Based Alkali Activated Materials as an Adsorbent at Different Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratios and Exposing Temperatures for Cu2+ Removal

2023-02-01 , Ibrahim M. , Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Nabialek M. , Putra Jaya R. , Setkit M. , Jeż B. , Romisuhani Ahmad

Water contamination is a major issue due to industrial releases of hazardous heavy metals. Copper ions are among the most dangerous heavy metals owing to their carcinogenicity and harmful effects on the environment and human health. Adsorption of copper ions using alkali activated materials synthesized through the polycondensation reaction of an alkali source and aluminosilicates is the most promising technique, and has a high adsorption capability owing to a large surface area and pore volume. This research focuses on the effect of the alkaline activator ratio, which is a sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio. Various exposing temperatures on metakaolin based alkali activated materials on a surface structure with excellent functional properties can be used as adsorbent materials for the removal of copper ions. A variety of mix designs were created with varying sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratios, with a fixed sodium hydroxide molarity, metakaolin to alkali activator ratio, hydrogen peroxide, and surfactant content of 10 M, 0.8, 1.00 wt%, and 3.0 wt%, respectively. Most wastewater adsorbents need high sintering temperatures, requiring an energy-intensive and time-consuming manufacturing process. In this way, metakaolin-based alkali activated materials are adsorbent and may be produced easily by solidifying the sample at 60 °C without using much energy. The specific surface area, water absorption, microstructure, phase analysis, functional group analysis, and adsorption capability of copper ions by metakaolin based alkali activated materials as adsorbents were evaluated. The water absorption test on the samples revealed that the sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide 0.5 ratio had the highest water absorption percentage of 36.24%, superior pore size distribution, and homogeneous porosity at 60 °C, with a surface area of 24.6076 m2/g and the highest copper ion uptake of 63.726 mg/g with 95.59% copper ion removal efficiency at adsorption condition of pH = 5, a dosage of 0.15 g, 100 mg/L of the initial copper solution, the temperature of 25 °C, and contact time of 60 min. It is concluded that self-supported metakaolin based alkali activated material adsorbents synthesized at low temperatures effectively remove copper ions in aqueous solutions, making them an excellent alternative for wastewater treatment applications.

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A Review of Geopolymer Based Metakaolin Membrane as an Effective Adsorbent for Waste Water Treatment.

2020-07-09 , Ibrahim M. , Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim , Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Syauqi Sauffi A.

Geopolymer-based products help eco-accommodating sources of materials such as metakaolin, slag or fly ash. This review explores the blend configuration to generate geopolymer-based metakaolin membrane metakaolin and to evaluate the impact of a range of geopolymer-based metakaolin sintering temperatures at a temperature of 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C. As the quick development of a modern culture contributes to a large increase in interest in water, adsorption is taken closer to examined waste water extraction of the adsorption and repulsion of a metakaolin membrane geopolymer. Membrane waste water treatment is chosen to explore simple and inorganic membrane preparation techniques that have long help lives and low production costs. Reviews for geopolymer-based metakaolin membrane were therefore synthesized via a suspension that depends on the quick solidification method of high temperature suspension geopolymer slurries that were used as an adsorbent for treating waste water. Porous geopolymeric spheres have developed a homogenous structure with the aid of electron microscopy and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) investigations.Since permeable materials are regularly adsorbents, this examination has analyzed the adsorption by membrane geopolymers of heavy metals. This finding will advance the formation of improved wastewater treatment systems and along these lines give an elective answer for ecological harm brought about by substantial metal contaminations. Along these lines, molar (SiO2/Na2O) ratio of metakaolin and sodium silicate are fundamental in assembling a sort of geopolymer-based inorganic membrane which does not require a high temperature sintering process. Adsorption and dismissal consolidated can be utilized for wastewater auxiliary electrical plating forms not exclusively to proficiently wipe out center and low groupings of overwhelming metals in wastewater yet in addition to wipe out little sub-atomic contaminants in wastewater.