Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
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Preferred name
Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
Official Name
Wan Azani, Wan Mustafa
Alternative Name
Mustafa, W.
Azani Mustafa, Wan
Mustaffa, Wan Azani
Wan Mustafa, Wan Azani
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57219421621
Researcher ID
J-4603-2014

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Narrative review of cervical cancer in Malaysia: knowledge and challenge

2025 , Wan Azani Wan Mustafa , Afiqah Halim , Khairur Rijal Jamaludin , Hiam Alquran , Syahrul Junaini

According to the 2019 Malaysia National Cancer Registry Report (MNCR), 3,981 cases of cervix uteri cancer were diagnosed between 2012 and 2016, compared to 4,352 cases in the 2007-2011 report. The third most common cancer in women was cervix uteri cancer, ranked ninth in Malaysia, up from seventh in the previous survey. Over the last five years, the incidence rate has dropped from 7.6 to 6.2 per 100,000 people. Cervical cancer is the most prevalent disease among women. The Pap smear is the main technique for identifying potentially cancerous cells. The purpose of this research paper is to investigate women's knowledge and understanding of cervical cancer in Malaysia, attitudes toward cervical cancer (CC) among Malaysian women, and the challenges faced by medical professionals. The primary articles came from the two established databases, which are SCOPUS and Web of Science (WoS). The advanced searching focuses on two keywords: cervical cancer and Malaysia. Based on previous research, the study involves an overview of women's awareness and knowledge, a cross-sectional study, a self-sampling device, and perceived barriers to having a pap smear test in Malaysia. Furthermore, it was discovered that ethnicity promotes HPV vaccines, and MSPs may be given for medical students' programs aimed at preventing the spread of cervical cancer, as well as vaccination subsidies. Providers and academia should co-operate to raise immunization coverage. The majority of women surveyed in Malaysia are women between the ages of 21 and 60. In contrast to other research, there is still a shortage of understanding about cervical cancer, which has resulted in implicit cluelessness and negative perceptions toward it. Regarding the risk aspects, there are two well-known among Malaysian women: unprotected sexual partners and sexually transmitted infections. Participants are aware that a normal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear would detect cervical cancer and that an operation may be an option. Besides that, people in Malaysia have a modest understanding of Pap smears as a preventative measure to diagnose and prevent Cervical Cancer at a preliminary phase. In summary, most women in Malaysia understand the importance of the Pap test screening technique for early detection and operation as a cure. More initiative will be needed with the potential to increase understanding of women's perceptions to-wards cervical cancer.

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Cervical Cancer Classification Using Image Processing Approach: A Review

2020-09-21 , Zhe Wei Low , Wan Azani Wan Mustafa , Mohd Aminudin Jamlos , Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus , Hamzari Sahabudin M.

At present, Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women around the world. This cancer develops in the cervix; which is the entrance to the uterus. Most of the time, hospital doctors are facing difficulties in identifying cancer cells because the nucleus is sometimes rather difficult to see with the naked eye. Normal cells nuclei are smaller than abnormal cells nuclei. Abnormal nuclei are larger, which sometimes cannot be precisely identified by classifying stages of cervical cancer with the naked eye. This is because each doctor has a different perspective to monitor the classification of cancer stages by observing the nucleus without precisely reducing the size of the classification accuracy. Lately, many researchers have proposed methods for detection and classification of Pap smear images to diagnose cervical cancer. This approach can improve detection and classification accuracy, resulting in better results with accurate data balance and samples. Some patients are found to be in Stage 2 but after retesting they are actually in Stage 4, where the chances of recovery are very low. This is because doctors cannot find the right balance data and unable to take samples properly. This article discusses a comprehensive review of cervical recognition based on segment core and classification.

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Mobile learning of Islamic studies: a comprehensive review

2025-06 , Wan Azani Wan Mustafa , Khalilullah Amin Ahmad , Fathullah Asni , Muhamad Husni Hasbulah , Hasrul Hashom , Afiffudin Mohammed Noor

Mobile learning (m-learning) has emerged as a transformative force in education, prompting significant exploration of its potential within Islamic Studies. This systematic review critically examines a diverse array of studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the integration of m-learning in Islamic education. As technology reshapes education, m-learning’s impact on Islamic Studies becomes a focal point. Moreover, the digital era presents opportunities to enhance engagement and accessibility to sacred knowledge. Traditional Islamic education faces challenges in adapting to modern learning paradigms. The exploration of m-learning’s role addresses the need for innovative approaches. This review analyzes educators’ readiness, the development of Islamic mobile applications, the efficacy of m-learning tools in Quranic education, and the dimensions of effective m-learning within Islamic Studies. A systematic approach was employed to select and analyze relevant studies. Consequently, these studies encompassed diverse geographic and educational contexts, providing a holistic view of m-learning in Islamic education. M-learning holds transformative potential within Islamic Studies. It presents an avenue to bridge tradition and innovation, making Islamic knowledge accessible and engaging. Educators, scholars, and learners can harness technology to enrich and disseminate Islamic teachings in a contemporary context. Furthermore, this systematic review offers comprehensive insights to guide the integration of m-learning in Islamic education, promoting a dynamic synthesis of heritage and progress.

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Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer among Malaysia residents: a review

2020 , Nadzirah Bt Nahrawi , Wan Azani Wan Mustafa , Siti Nurul Aqmariah Mohd Kanafiah

Cervical cancer is ranks as the third leading cause of female cancer deaths among women in Malaysia. Most of the cervical cases are caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. To prevent HPV infection, Malaysia Government had implement Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program to all secondary school girls from 13 years old and above. The focus in this paper was to review the article based on the knowledge on HPV and cervical cancer among Malaysia resident before and after the implementation of HPV vaccine program. The knowledge about HPV, HPV vaccine, and cervical cancer after the implementation of national HPV vaccination program is better compare to before the program to be implemented. However, the knowledge is still poor among the respondents although there is an improvement after the program been implemented. The respondent gives a positive attitude towards HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening. The main barrier of vaccination and Pap smear test are side effects, risk, cost, and effectiveness. In conclusion, knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer is really important among women. Education programs to the public are needed to enhance knowledge and to control the illness.

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Cervical cancer detection techniques: a chronological review

2023-05-17 , Wan Azani Wan Mustafa , Shahrina Ismail , Fahirah Syaliza Mokhtar , Hiam Alquran , Yazan Al-Issa

Cervical cancer is known as a major health problem globally, with high mortality as well as incidence rates. Over the years, there have been significant advancements in cervical cancer detection techniques, leading to improved accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. This article provides a chronological review of cervical cancer detection techniques, from the traditional Pap smear test to the latest computer-aided detection (CAD) systems. The traditional method for cervical cancer screening is the Pap smear test. It consists of examining cervical cells under a microscope for abnormalities. However, this method is subjective and may miss precancerous lesions, leading to false negatives and a delayed diagnosis. Therefore, a growing interest has been in shown developing CAD methods to enhance cervical cancer screening. However, the effectiveness and reliability of CAD systems are still being evaluated. A systematic review of the literature was performed using the Scopus database to identify relevant studies on cervical cancer detection techniques published between 1996 and 2022. The search terms used included “(cervix OR cervical) AND (cancer OR tumor) AND (detect* OR diagnosis)”. Studies were included if they reported on the development or evaluation of cervical cancer detection techniques, including traditional methods and CAD systems. The results of the review showed that CAD technology for cervical cancer detection has come a long way since it was introduced in the 1990s. Early CAD systems utilized image processing and pattern recognition techniques to analyze digital images of cervical cells, with limited success due to low sensitivity and specificity. In the early 2000s, machine learning (ML) algorithms were introduced to the CAD field for cervical cancer detection, allowing for more accurate and automated analysis of digital images of cervical cells. ML-based CAD systems have shown promise in several studies, with improved sensitivity and specificity reported compared to traditional screening methods. In summary, this chronological review of cervical cancer detection techniques highlights the significant advancements made in this field over the past few decades. ML-based CAD systems have shown promise for improving the accuracy and sensitivity of cervical cancer detection. The Hybrid Intelligent System for Cervical Cancer Diagnosis (HISCCD) and the Automated Cervical Screening System (ACSS) are two of the most promising CAD systems. Still, deeper validation and research are required before being broadly accepted. Continued innovation and collaboration in this field may help enhance cervical cancer detection as well as ultimately reduce the disease’s burden on women worldwide.

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