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A Point-of-Care immunosensor for human chorionic gonadotropin in clinical urine samples using a cuneated polysilicon nanogap Lab-on-Chip

2015 , S. R. Balakrishnan , Uda Hashim , Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath , Prabakaran A/L Poopalan , H. R. Ramayya , M. Iqbal Omar , R. Haarindraprasad , P. Veeradasan

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a glycoprotein hormone secreted from the placenta, is a key molecule that indicates pregnancy. Here, we have designed a cost-effective, label-free, in situ point-of-care (POC) immunosensor to estimate hCG using a cuneated 25 nm polysilicon nanogap electrode. A tiny chip with the dimensions of 20.5 × 12.5 mm was fabricated using conventional lithography and size expansion techniques. Furthermore, the sensing surface was functionalized by (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and quantitatively measured the variations in hCG levels from clinically obtained human urine samples. The dielectric properties of the present sensor are shown with a capacitance above 40 nF for samples from pregnant women; it was lower with samples from non-pregnant women. Furthermore, it has been proven that our sensor has a wide linear range of detection, as a sensitivity of 835.88 μA mIU-1 ml-2 cm-2 was attained, and the detection limit was 0.28 mIU/ml (27.78 pg/ml). The dissociation constant Kd of the specific antigen binding to the anti-hCG was calculated as 2.23 ± 0.66 mIU, and the maximum number of binding sites per antigen was Bmax = 22.54 ± 1.46 mIU. The sensing system shown here, with a narrow nanogap, is suitable for high-throughput POC diagnosis, and a single injection can obtain triplicate data or parallel analyses of different targets.

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The study of sensing elements parameters optimization for developed Biosensor of SARS-CoV-2 detection

2023-04 , Fatin Syakirah Halim , Nor Azizah Parmin , Uda Hashim , Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath , Farrah Aini Dahalan , Iffah Izzati Zakaria , Wei Chern Ang , Nurfareezah Nadhirah Jaapar

New advancements in developing sensitive and selective biosensors have demonstrated outstanding potential for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA biosensors). The detection mode of DNA biosensors primary depends on a particular DNA hybridization that precisely occurs on the surface of the physical transducer that can only be detected using high-performance assays due to slight current changes. The analytical performance (sensitivity) of the DNA biosensor is conclusively rely on the confluence constructing of the sensing surface, which must be optimized. Thus, in this study, the sensing elements of the developed biosensors were optimized for detecting RNA of SARS-CoV-2. This optimization included concentration of nanomaterials (carbon quantum dots), probe density (concentration of DNA probe) and concentration of linker (APTES). It was observed that 0.15 % V/V of concentration CQD, 0.1µM of DNA probe and 36% V/V of APTES were the optimum parameters which provided their maximum response during electrical measurements and increased the sensitivity of the developed biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection