Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Publication
    The role of gas-phase dynamics in interfacial phenomena during few-layer graphene growth through atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition
    ( 2020-02-14)
    Fauzi F.B.
    ;
    Ismail E.
    ;
    Syed Abu Bakar S.N.
    ;
    Ismail A.F.
    ;
    Mohamed M.A.
    ;
    Md Din M.F.
    ;
    ;
    Ani M.H.
    The complicated chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is currently the most viable method of producing graphene. Most studies have extensively focused on chemical aspects either through experiments or computational studies. However, gas-phase dynamics in CVD reportedly plays an important role in improving graphene quality. Given that mass transport is the rate-limiting step for graphene deposition in atmospheric-pressure CVD (APCVD), the interfacial phenomena at the gas-solid interface (i.e., the boundary layer) are a crucial controlling factor. Accordingly, only by understanding and controlling the boundary-layer thickness can uniform full-coverage graphene deposition be achieved. In this study, a simplified computational fluid dynamics analysis of APCVD was performed to investigate gas-phase dynamics during deposition. Boundary-layer thickness was also estimated through the development of a customised homogeneous gas model. Interfacial phenomena, particularly the boundary layer and mass transport within it, were studied. The effects of Reynolds number on these factors were explored and compared with experimentally obtained results of the characterised graphene deposit. We then discussed and elucidated the important relation of fluid dynamics to graphene growth through APCVD.
  • Publication
    Slagging of Coal Blends: Comparison between Pre-Blended and in Furnace Blend
    ( 2020-07-09)
    Somad Abdul Latiff A.
    ;
    Musa M.
    ;
    Anhar Z.
    ;
    ;
    Ani M.H.
    Coal blending technique in electric generating power plant has been widely used to reduce coal consumption cost. However, due to various coals from different places blended together, it had caused problems. Slagging formed during the operations can reduced boiler efficiency, resulting high costs for maintenance caused by blockage, corrosion and erosion. Many empirical indices and predictive method have been developed to minimize these problems but most are unreliable for coals from different places and many predictive methods are carried out in different environment. In this research, the method starts from fabricating the pre-blended and in furnace blend techniques at a local coal pulverized power plant. After feeding the coal blends for coal trial burn, the resulting ash deposition are collected at the burner where slagging usually occurs. The raw coals in used and the slagging samples are then characterized and determine their crystalline phase and compositions by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Sacnning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive Xray (SEM/EDX). From XRD analysis, compounds such as quartz, cristobalite low and manganosite were found as main species in ash deposition at all location of collected slagging. However, there are also some compound exist at specific location with specific technique being used. In the burner area for pre blended technique, compound Al2SiO5, Mg2Al4Si5, KNO2 and FeO was found, whereas in furnace blend K2Mn2(SO4)3 was found. At bottom part of the furnace, pre-blended graphite was presence and in furnace yield MnO2 and Al2SiO5. At top part where superheater reside, the existence of mullite, Al2(Al2.5Si1.5)9.75 was found for pre-blended technique and microcline, KAlSiO3O8 is observed from in furnace blend technique. From the EDX analysis, in furnace technique shows more complete combustion and feasible for less slagging inside the furnace compared to pre-blended technique.
  • Publication
    Critical heat flux and Leidenfrost temperature on Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) - constructed hemispherical surface
    ( 2021) ; ;
    Rosman N.A.
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    ; ;
    Khirul Azwan Ismail
    ;
    Mohd Hanafi Ani
    This paper reports a Leidenfrost temperature on hemispherical surface constructed by Electrical discharge machining or known as EDM. We focus our study on the droplet evaporation lifetime to investigate and identify the Leidenfrost temperature. Three (3) different types of materials were selected i. e such as Brass (Br), Aluminum (Al) and Copper (Cu). Meanwhile, ethanol liquid has been chosen as the test liquid. Ethanol liquid was elected due to its low boiling point of approximately 78 °C. The droplet impact velocity and droplet diameter was approximately 1.129 m/s and 3.476 mm, respectively. As a result, we finally succeeded in determining the Leidenfrost temperature for all materials mentioned above. On top of that, all the Leidenfrost temperature results, TL were close to the superheat limit temperature of ethanol liquid, TSL which is about 197.8 °C.
      5  31
  • Publication
    Maximum spreading diameter of a water droplet after impact on a hot surface beyond Leidenfrost temperature
    ( 2023)
    Mohd Zaidul Fikry Juhar
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    ; ; ; ;
    Mohd Hanafi Ani
    The impact of liquid droplets on heated surfaces are relevance across a range of applications. The maximum spreading diameter of water droplet during impact on hot surface was experimentally studied. The surface was made of aluminium. The diameter and height of the aluminium block was 70.0 mm and 30.0 mm, respectively. During experiment, the test surface was heated beyond Leidenfrost temperature. A high-speed video camera was used to capture the droplet images from the first impact until the droplet reached maximum spreading condition. The frame rate was set to be 2,000 fps. Distilled water was used as the test liquid. The impact height was set to be about 65.0 mm. From the high-speed images analysis, the droplet diameter was found to be approximately 4.5 mm. The measured droplet maximum spreading diameters were found to have a good agreement with theoretical calculation.
      2  31