Nik Muhammad Azhar Nik Daud
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Preferred name
Nik Muhammad Azhar Nik Daud
Official Name
Nik Muhammad Azhar , Nik Daud
Alternative Name
Daud, N. M.A.N.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57196038196
Researcher ID
ABF-8598-2020
AAR-3768-2021

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Optimization of Rice Bran Protein Extraction Using Choline Chloride-Glycerol Deep Eutectic Solvent Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

2023-01-01 , Kamal Ramlee K.A.F. , Muhammad Nor I.N. , Mohd Sharizan Md Sarip , Mohd Zainudin M.A. , Amirul Ridzuan Abu Bakar , Nawawi M.A. , Nik Muhammad Azhar Nik Daud

A by-product of the rice milling process, rice bran contains four different types of protein: albumin, globulin, prolamin, and glutelin. These proteins are widely known for being hypoallergenic and having nutritional benefits. In order to increase the value of rice bran, the protein was extracted via deep eutectic solvent (DES). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to assess the impact of three operational conditions, including temperature, extraction duration, and the ratio of rice bran to DES, on the yield of rice bran protein after the precipitates were converted into powder form by freeze drying. At optimal working conditions, which were 60 Â°C, 2 h, and a 1:9 ratio of rice bran to DES, the method’s results showed that the highest extracted protein of rice bran was 16.254%. Several techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Kjeldahl studies, have been used to demonstrate the presence of protein in rice bran powder. In the rice bran protein (RBP), amine (1640.70 cm−1), alcohol (3229.74 cm−1), and alkane (2925.37 cm−1) were all detected using FTIR analysis. Furthermore, Kjeldahl analysis revealed that 15.61% of the rice bran powder’s protein content is present. In conclusion, rice bran’s value as a functional meal can be increased by adding protein through the use of a deep eutectic solvent called green solvent.

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Coconut husk based Lignosulfonate as sacrificial agent in surfactant flooding

2023 , Nik Muhammad Azhar Nik Daud , Wan Muhammad Kamal Wan Jaafar , Norhisyam Ismail , Muhamad A. Manan , Ahmad Kamal Idris , Radzuan Junin

Surfactant flooding is one of the techniques in chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR). The purpose of this technique is to reduce the interfacial tension between brine and oil in the reservoir so that the oil can be mobilized to the production well. However, the surfactant tends to adsorb on the rock minerals making it less efficient. The adsorption can be minimized by using three methods: matching surfactant type to specific reservoir rock by surface charge, application of surfactant mixtures to enhance the surfactant capability and using a sacrificial adsorbate to block the adsorption site on the rocks. This study will focus on utilizing the lignosulfonate (LS) from coconut husk as a sacrificial agent to increase the efficiency of surfactant flooding. Lignin was extracted from coconut husk before sulfonated using sodium sulphite, Na2SO3 to form lignosulfonate. FTIR was used to characterize the lignin and lignosulfonate and compare them with the commercial product. The oil (paraffin) displacement experiment was then conducted using 5% illite and 95% sand to simulate Malaysia's sandstone reservoir mineral composition. Two types of surfactant were studied; anionic (Sodium Dodeclyl Sulfate-SDS) and nonionic (4-octylphenol polyethoxylate-TX100). The percentage of oil recovery was calculated based on the volume of oil recovered from the original oil in place (OOIP). The displacement tests show that oil recovery was increased from 2.52% to 3.10% for SDS after the preflush and from 1.36% to 2.00% for TX100 after preflush with LS. This increase corresponds to 23.6% and 47.1% increments in oil cerovery from the test without preflush, respectively. These results have shown that the LS has the potential to be used as a sacrificial agent to increase the efficiency of surfactant flooding.

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Prediction of phase equilibria in ternary diagram for system consist of Hot Compressed Water (HCW) with crude palm oil (CPO) and others minor component using thermodynamic model

2024-05-10 , Mohd Sharizan Md Sarip , Nik Muhammad Azhar Nik Daud , Mohd Asraf Mohd Zainudin , Idham Z. , Adilah Anuar , Mohd Aminudin Jamlos , Amirul Ridzuan Abu Bakar

Knowledge on phase equilibria for the separation process are important. It helps to improve the extraction efficiency through parameter optimization. Nowadays, hot compressed water extraction (HCWE) is getting the interest for the crude palm oil (CPO) extraction. Therefore, the phase equilibria of system consist of Hot compressed water (HCW) and CPO component are crucial. In this study, prediction of phase equilibria in ternary diagram for system consist of HCW with CPO and others minor component was conducted using thermodynamic model. The prediction was conducted using modified UNIFAC. CPO and other minor components namely palmitic acid which represent FFA, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol and α-tocotrieno was totally insoluble in HCW. The solubility of HCW in CPO was effect by the temperature and concentration of palmitic acid, β-carotene and α-tocopherol. However, the effect of these minor component concentration was inrrelevant since the concentration of these component was lower in the CPO for less than 1%. The solubility of HCW in CPO need to be monitored to avoid the hydrolysis which can deteriorate the CPO and degrade its quality.

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Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Zingiber Officinale and Curcuma Longa from Perlis for Therapeutic Discovery

2023-01-01 , Jamil A. , San L.P. , Nik Muhammad Azhar Nik Daud , Mohd Asraf Mohd Zainudin , Mohd Qalani Che Kasim , Muhammad Izzat Ridzuan , Khairuddin N.H. , Amirul Ridzuan Abu Bakar

The medicinal properties of a plant are sought after for its potential therapeutic properties. Through its phytochemicals, numerous biological activities have been reported scientifically and were developed as an active pharmaceutical ingredient for biological products. Hence, this study evaluated the locally produced Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa obtained from Padang Besar, Perlis, for their pharmacognostic properties. Quality control assessments were conducted to determine the cleanliness of the raw materials before proceeding with the pharmacognostic evaluation. The extracts for both plants were prepared through ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and maceration using methanol, ethanol, and distilled water. The phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and protein for each extract were investigated. The total phenolic compounds revealed that the combination of UAE and methanol had the highest value for both plant samples. On the other hand, the total flavonoid content suggests that UAE in ethanol solvent was the best approach to extract flavonoids for both plants. On the contrary, maceration techniques extracted the highest protein content for both plants. The biological testing for therapeutic evaluation based on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay unraveled the methanol UAE was the potent extract for Z. officinale and C. longa, with half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.32 mg/mL, respectively. Altogether, the findings obtained from these studies showed that Z. officinale and C. longa from Perlis showed good quality conditions, high content of phytochemicals, and potent antioxidant properties suitable for further herbal drug development studies.

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Profiling of Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivity of the Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus L.) Leaf Extract

2023-01-01 , Shukri S.Z.M. , Nik Muhammad Azhar Nik Daud , Amirul Ridzuan Abu Bakar , Arsad S.S. , Mohd Asraf Mohd Zainudin

The current research examines the impact of different solvents and maturity stages of the kenaf leaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus L. var. Everglade 51) on the bioactive compound and bioactivity, which specifically focused on antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The kenaf’s leaf powder was extracted sequentially using hexane, acetone, and methanol. The total phenolic compound (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and free-radical scavenging activity using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay were measured using UV–Vis spectrometry. The antibacterial activity of the extract was determined using the disc diffusion method on both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Results show that the methanol extracts had a significant (p < 0.05) quantity of TPC and TFC compared to other extracts. Results showed that the antioxidant compound amount measured as TPC and TFC in extract increased from shoot stages into mature leaves by 11% and 24%, respectively. As expected, methanolic extract of mature leaf exerts the highest TPC and TFC value compared to that of other solvents. This also reflects the antioxidant activity among the different extract where methanolic extract showed the highest antioxidant activity with value 60.48 ± 0.24% of radical scavenging activity. Meanwhile, only the methanolic and acetone extracts demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) inhibitory zone against Gram-negative microorganisms. Overall, mature kenaf leaf extracted with methanol and acetone solvents showed a particularly high in terms of antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial characteristics. Mature kenaf leaf was recommended for food product development due to their strong antioxidant activity and ability to inhibit Gram-negative bacteria.

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Analysis of the effect of solar temperature and radiation on characteristics I-V on 170 WP photovoltaic module based on matlab simulink

2021 , Muzamir Isa , Nik Muhammad Azhar Nik Daud , Arnawan Hasibuan , Hendra Marjuli

The need for greater energy use and the depletion of conventional fuels makes scientists start researching renewable energy that can be used as a substitute for energy in the future. One of them is through the potential generated by solar energy. Solar Power Plant (PLTS) is an alternative power plant that utilizes solar radiation to then be converted through a photovoltaic process to produce direct current electrical energy. In its utilization, when coupled with other components such as a solar charge controller, battery, and inverter it can be converted into alternating electric current that can be used for daily needs, both on a small and large scale. In this paper, the author will discuss the current and voltage characteristics of a 170 WP photovoltaic module with variations in temperature and intensity of sunlight. This study aims to describe the characteristics of solar cells and describe the graph of current against voltage and graph of power against voltage for various temperatures and solar radiation. This research method was carried out using the Matlab-Simulink software to simulate the photovoltaic module. Based on the results and discussion, the current, voltage and power values are obtained which are then made a graph of the current and voltage relationship and a graph of the power and voltage relationship.

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