Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
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Preferred name
Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
Official Name
Muhammad Salihin , Zakaria
Alternative Name
Zakaria, Muhammad Salihin
Zakaria, M. S.B.
Zakaria, M. S.
Salihin, M. Z.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
56479320900
Researcher ID
HTN-7486-2023

Research Output

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Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using zinc oxide/styrene butadiene rubber photocatalyst

2020-01-01 , Nordin R. , Latiff N. , Yusof R. , Nawawi W.I. , Muhammad Salihin Zakaria , Ishak Z.A.M.

The zinc oxide/styrene butadiene rubber (ZnO/SBR) photocatalyst was successfully prepared via mechanical mixing at 30 °C. ZnO/SBR square shaped (3 x 3 cm) with 0.54 mm thickness was investigated towards photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution under visible light irradiation and compared with bare ZnO and raw SBR. FTIR absorption spectra reveal the characteristic peaks and estimated intensity of conjugated carbon for ZnO/SBR. ZnO/SBR showed excellent photocatalytic performance nearly as good as bare ZnO.

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Short review: corrosion mitigation of AZ31 Magnesium alloy by superhydrophobic coatings

2023 , Nur Fatihah Mohd Fadzil , Muhammad Salihin Zakaria , Razif Muhammed Nordin , Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim , Lokman Hakim Ibrahim

Corrosion is a slow chemical process that protects metals from deterioration. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways, one of which is coating protection. All such metals and their objects are usually coated with a protective coating. Due to their ability to resist corrosion, these protective coatings can provide a better esthetic as well as a longer lifespan than uncoated ones. Superhydrophobic coatings provide various applications, especially, in corrosion protection due to their water-repellent properties, which can be reflected by measuring the degree of water contact angle. In this short review, different fabrication methods of the superhydrophobic coating were discovered to give good water contact angles and at the same time enhance the anticorrosion performance of the AZ31 Mg alloy. Tafel polarization curve as well as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy is able to provide the necessary assessment of corrosion protection performance of AZ31 Mg alloy.

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Unsaturated polyester composites filled with untreated and surface treatment sugarcane bagasse by hot press technique

2009 , Muhammad Salihin Zakaria

The aim of this research is the improvement of the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced thermoset, as a result of optimization of the properties of sugarcane bagasse fibers by the use of NaOH treatment process. Tert-butyl perbenzoate was used as catalyst at elevated temperature for efficient processing of polyester composites. Sugarcane bagasse fibers were alkalized with 1, 3 and 5% NaOH solution, combined with four different fiber loading formulation, and hot-pressed to form natural fibers composites. The flexural modulus and strength of bagasse fiber composites alkalized with 3% NaOH solution gave the highest value and the untreated bagasse fiber gave the lowest. The same trend was obtained for the tensile modulus and strength as expected. However, by increased the NaOH solution, the mechanical properties decreased as a result of fibrillation lead to uneffective stress transfer occurred. Meanwhile, the break elongation of composites was decreased due to the improved fiber-matrix adhesion (to give more stiffness to the composites). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that with 3% NaOH solution treatment, bagasse fiber composites gave the highest storage modulus (E′) values and the lowest tan δ values. SEM observations on the fracture surface of composites showed that the surface modification of the fiber occurred and improved fiber-matrix adhesion. A water absorption test also showed that with 3% NaOH solution treatment, bagasse fiber composites gave higher bonding and adhesion compared to all another bagasse fiber composites.

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The effect of twin screw compounding parameters on the tensile properties of pineapple leaf/sea shell hybrid polymer composite using DOE approach

2020-11-24 , Ching N.T. , Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim , Mohd Firdaus Omar , Azlin Fazlina Osman , Muhammad Salihin Zakaria

Pineapple leaf and sea shell were used as natural fillers in this research due to its biodegradable nature, wide availability, continuous resources and low cost. This research work was carried out to investigate the effect of compounding process using twin screw extruder on the tensile performance of pineapple leaf / sea shell polymer composite using Design of Experiment (DOE) approach. A total of nine runs of were formulated and the resulitng hybrid composites were compounded using twin screw extruder. The short term tensile test was carried out to determine the tensile properties and the data were sunsequently analyse using DOE software. Pareto chart of the standardized effect and the main effect plot were employed to investigate the relationship between processing parameters and the tensile performance of the hybrid composite systems. Based on the initial DOE analysis, it is shown that compounding parameters had influenced the final mechanical behavior of the hybrid composites.

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Review of mechanical properties: Materials being subjected by explosive compaction and explosive welding

2021-07-21 , Muhammad Salihin Zakaria , Hilmi A.H. , Hamid A.R.A.

Explosive compaction is a way of enhancing powder while maintaining its distinctive microstructure and form. Bulk alloys with a relative density of over 96 percent can be obtained through direct explosive compaction. Explosive welding is a method for the processing of two or more strong explosive strength metals during high-energy processes. In the field, explosive welding is widely used to link laminated composites and parts that cannot be linked using conventional welding techniques. Shock consolidation is a process in which highly deformed particle surfaces establish a one-step inter-particle connection. Powders that, due to their intensity, cannot be conventionally compacted by powder metallurgy can be compacted. The prediction of device microstructures and properties remains a technical problem. This review will discuss the mechanical properties of materials undergoing explosive compaction and welding.

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Network Structure and Mechanical Properties of Flexible Electronic Interconnects based on Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) and Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) Conductive Polymer Composites

2024-03-01 , Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim , Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh , Badrul F. , Azlin Fazlina Osman , Mohd Firdaus Omar , Suhaimi A.S. , Muhammad Salihin Zakaria

Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) with the ability to maintain high conductivity whilst remaining flexible at various operating temperatures and conditions have gained interest as potential materials for electronic interconnect applications. The ability of a polymer matrix to conduct electricity is mainly dependent on the conductive filler loadings as well as the formation of network paths within the CPCs. The main aim of this research work was to establish and understand the correlation between the network structure formation and mechanical properties of linear low-density polyethylene/copper (LLDPE/Cu) and liquid silicone rubber/copper (LSR/Cu) CPCs. Various techniques such as electron microscopy, thermal studies, four-point probe, and tensile testing were employed in this study. Furthermore, selected samples were characterized and tested using synchrotron micro-x-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that the electrical conductivity of the CPCs increased with increasing filler loadings. Addition of Cu filler had a marginal effect on the tensile strength of both LLDPE/Cu and LSR/Cu CPCs. Nevertheless, it was found that the elongation at break for LLDPE/Cu consistently increased with the addition of Cu whereas, for LSR/Cu samples, the elongation at break decreased with the addition of Cu at various loadings. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs obtained show that the particles of Cu were closer to one another at higher filler loadings. The data obtained revealed the potential for utilizing CPCs as flexible interconnects suitable for advanced electronic applications.

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Effect of several commercial rubbers as substrates for zinc oxide in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible irradiation

2020-09-01 , Nordin R. , Latiff N. , Yusof R. , Nawawi W.I. , Muhammad Salihin Zakaria , Ishak Z.A.M.

A new approach of mechanical preparation of photocatalyst zinc oxide (ZnO)/rubbers from four types of rubbers: styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), natural rubber (NR), and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with 50% epoxidation is presented. This technique is simple, fast and cost effective as ZnO/rubbers were me-chanically mixed using conventional two-roll mill at 27°C for 10 min and compressed into flat sheet. The characteristics of photocatalyst were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The photocatalytic activity of ZnO/rubbers was evaluated using methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant under visible light for 300 min. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ZnO/SBR is nearly as good as that of ZnO powder (87.32%) compared to ZnO/NR, ZnO/EPDM and ZnO/ENR. This is due to the highest index of conjugated carbon-carbon bond of SBR and hydrogen bonding between ZnO and SBR. The formation of hydrogen bonding was confirmed by FTIR and reduction of energy band gap of ZnO/SBR. The photocatalytic degradation of MB with ZnO/SBR was could be fitted by pseudo-first-order kinetics of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.

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Structural and optical properties of commercial microparticle zinc oxide

2020-01-01 , Nordin R. , Latiff N. , Yusof R. , Nawawi W.I. , Muhammad Salihin Zakaria , Ishak Z.A.M.

Commercial grade ZnO were sieved into particle size of 38 to 90 µm at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the hexagonal wurzite structure of ZnO microparticles. Irregular shapes of ZnO microparticles were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) confirmed the presence of Zn-O band. In addition, Uv-visible spectra (UV-Vis) were empolyed to estimate the band gap energy of ZnO microparticles.

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The Influence of Compounding Parameters on the Electrical Conductivity of LDPE/Cu Conductive Polymer Composites (CPCs)

2021-11-12 , Farah Badrul , Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim , Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh , Azlin Fazlina Osman , Nor Asiah Muhamad , Muhammad Salihin Zakaria , Nurul Afiqah Saad , Syatirah Mohd Noor

Low-linear density (LDPE) and copper (Cu) were used as main polymer matrix and conductive filler in order to produce electrically conductive polymer composites (CPC). The selection of the matrix and conductive filler were based on their due to its excellence properties, resistance to corrosion, low cost and electrically conductive. This research works is aimed to establish the effect of compounding parameter on the electrical conductivity of LDPE/Cu composites utilising the design of experiments (DOE). The CPCs was compounded using an internal mixer where all formulations were designed by statistical software. The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) revealed that the Cu conductive filler had a flake-like shape, and the electrical conductivity was found to be increased with increasing filler loading as measured using the four-point probe technique. The conductivity data obtained were then analysed by using the statistical software to establish the relationship between the compounding parameters and electrical conductivity where it was found based that the compounding parameters have had an effect on the conductivity of the CPC.

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The Effects of Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR-50) on Cure Characteristics and Tensile Properties of Recycled Natural Rubber Catheter Filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) Vulcanizates

2020-11-24 , Muhammad Salihin Zakaria , Nik Noriman Zulkepli , Nordin R.M. , Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim , Hanafi, Hafizuddin

The effect of epoxidised natural rubber (ENR-50) on cure characteristics and tensile properties (tensile strength, modulus at 100% elongation and elongation at break) of recycled natural rubber catheter filled ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) vulcanizates were studied. The scorch time, t2 of EPDM/NRr blends with and without ENR-50 increased as NRr content increased while the cure time, t90 is decreased. However, with the presence of ENR-50 in EPDM/NRr blends, the t2 was longer and t90 was shorter than the uncompatibilized EPDM/NRr blends. The minimum torque, ML, of EPDM/NRr blend with and without ENR-50 relatively increased while maximum torque, MH, decreased with increasing NRr content. With the presence of ENR-50, the compatibilized EPDM/NRr blends exhibit a lower value of ML and MH compared with uncompatibilized blends. The incorporation of ENR-50 in EPDM/NRr blends enhanced the tensile strength and tensile modulus of compatibilized EPDM/NRr blends compared to uncompatibilized EPDM/NRr blends. The elongation at break (Eb) of compatibilized EPDM/NRr blends is lower than the uncompatibilized EPDM/NRr blends at all blend ratios. This indicated that ENR 50 improved the curing characteristics and tensile properties of the compound.

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