Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Publication
    Application of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bioactive compounds from cat's whiskers leaves
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2025)
    Hasmadi Mamat
    ;
    Azrul Nurfaiz Mohd Faizal
    ;
    Siti Faridah Mohd Amin
    ;
    Norliza Julmohammad
    ;
    Rovina Kobun
    ;
    Nurul Elyani Mohamad
    ;
    ;
    Nicky Rahmana Putra
    ;
    Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
    ;
    Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz
    Cat's whiskers, scientifically known as Orthosiphon stamineus, is a widely used herbal remedy in Malaysia for various health issues. This herb is rich in bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics and flavonoids, which are responsible for its therapeutic properties. To enhance the extraction of these beneficial compounds, the bench-scale supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extraction method was employed. The study was conducted at various extraction conditions from 10 to 30 MPa of pressure and from 40°C to 80°C of temperature, while keeping the carbon dioxide flow rate, mean particle size of the sample, and extraction duration constant at 10 g/min, 300 Âµm, and 2 h, respectively. The highest extract yield was obtained at optimized condition of 29 MPa and 79°C with 28.12 g/10 g of sample. The highest total phenolic content of approximately 124.324 ppm was obtained at 60°C and 30 MPa, whereas the maximum total flavonoid content reached around 840.595 ppm at 80°C and 30 MPa. This research successfully established the high content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds from cat's whiskers leaves using bench-scale SCCO2 extraction that the extract is applicable for food and pharmaceutical industries.
  • Publication
    β-carotene enrichment in crude palm oil using subcritical water extraction and its relationship with the solubility
    (Elsevier, 2023) ;
    Noor Azian Morad
    ;
    ;
    Mustafa Kamal Tun Abdul Aziz
    ;
    Syaripah Za'imah Syed Jaapar
    Subcritical water extraction (SWE) was applied for β-carotene enrichment in crude palm oil (CPO) extraction. Investigated SWE operating condition were the pressure of 30, 40 and 50 bar and temperature from 120 to 180 °C. SWE processes were conducted semi-batch for up to 60 min of extraction time. Dynamic method using low solvent rate was used to develop the solubility trend for β-carotene. The pressure and temperature in SWE process gave significant effect to the β-carotene concentration as determined by f value (2, 18) = 158.26, p < 3.78 × 10−12 and f value (3, 18) = 5.91, P < 5.43 × 10−3 respectively. Maximum β-carotene concentration of 857.72 ± 0.34 ppm is obtained at 160 °C and 40 bar. The process was successfully modelled using second order mass transfer coefficient model with r2 between 0.939 and 0.995. Solute solubility cannot be associated directly to extraction efficiency in SWE process for β-carotene enrichment.
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