Mohd Afendi Rojan
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Preferred name
Mohd Afendi Rojan
Official Name
Mohd Afendi , Rojan
Alternative Name
Afendi, Mohd
Rojan, M. Afendi
Afendi Rojan, M.
Afendy, M.
Rojan, M. A.
Mohd Afendi, R.
Afendi, M.
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Scopus Author ID
57188766103
Researcher ID
GQR-0248-2022

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  • Publication
    Fatigue life investigation of UIC 54 rail profile for high speed rail
    ( 2017-10-29)
    Gurubaran Panerselvan
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Nur Fareisha M. A.
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Haftirman I.
    ;
    Md. Tasyrif bin Abdul Rahman
    This study is to investigate the fatigue life of high speed rail in Malaysia. This paper describes about the experimental and simulation analysis investigation on fatigue life of rail profile UIC 54 using bulk specimen according to ASTM E 466-15 standard. The Fatigue life testing was performed in the fatigue testing machine (Instron 8800) 100 kN. Meanwhile, the fatigue life analysis was performed in ANSYS Workbench 14.5. Furthermore, the stress levels for experimental testing were applied as 16.7%, 25%, 35%, 50%, 58.3%, 66.77% and 75% with machine frequency of 20 Hz. Apart from that, the total fatigue life cycles for rail profile UIC 54 were acquired from both experimental and simulation. The fatigue life S-N curves were plotted and validated with the results of the simulation analysis with experimental results.
  • Publication
    Finite element modelling of thin intermetallic compound layer fractures
    ( 2017)
    Ooi Eang Pang
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    A thin intermetallic compound (IMC) of solder ball joint induces strong stress concentration between the pad and solder where a crack propagated near the IMC layer. The fracture mechanism of the IMC layer is complex due to the effect of IMC thickness, crack length, solder thickness and Young’s Modulus. At present, there is still an undefined exact geometrical model correlation for numerical simulations of IMC layer fracture. Thus, this paper aims to determine the accuracy of IMC layer models subjected to crack-to-width length ratio (a/W) in correlation with the ASTM E399-83 Srawley compact specimen model using finite element (FE) analysis. Several FE models with different geometrical configurations have been proposed under 10 MPa tensile loading. In this study, the two dimensional linear elastic displacement extrapolation method (DEM) is formulated to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip. The study showed that with an error of 0.58% to 0.59%, a width of 2.1 mm and a height of 1.47 mm can be recommended as the best geometrical model for IMC layer fracture modelling which provides a wider range for a/W from 0.45 to 0.85 instead of from 0.45 to 0.55. This result is significant as it presents a method for determining fracture parameters at thin IMC layers with a combination of singular elements with meshes at different densities which is tailored to the Srawley model.
  • Publication
    The Effect of Dry and Wet Condition on the Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Single Lap
    ( 2017-10-23)
    Mariam Majid
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    The aim of this study is to investigate the strength and mechanical behaviour of similar and dissimilar materials AA7075/E-glass single lap joint. The specimen radially in stack with Araldite epoxy adhesive and mechanical fasteners of Huck bolt with the bondline length of 64 mm for different joint configurations; bolted, bonded and hybrid. The investigation was conducted under two different conditions of dry and wet of 55°C for long water immersion of 120 days. The effect of moisture was defined in hybrid joints as combination of adherend and bonding materials. The tensile test with a speed rate of 1 mm/min was conducted for both condition using 100 kN load cell until total failure of specimen. The experimental results were plotted into load displacement and stress strain curve for each environment. In addition, failure mechanism of the specimens was detected in which occurred at adhesive and Huck bolt.
  • Publication
    Design and analysis of exhaust manifold for a single-cylinder internal combustion engine (ICE)
    ( 2021-05-24)
    Aziz N.A.
    ;
    Rahman M.T.A.
    ;
    Amin N.A.M.
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Nasir N.F.M.
    ;
    Rahman Y.M.N.
    An efficient exhaust system is vital to maximising the performance of an internal combustion engine (ICE), hence improving overall vehicle performance. To have an efficient exhaust system, the amount of exhaust backpressure is to be minimised. To decrease the backpressure effects in the exhaust system, the exhaust has to be redesigned according to the certain bending radius, length of straight pipe and bending angle and pipe diameter. This paper presents design and analysis of the exhaust system used in Shell Eco-Marathon 2019 competition. In this project, the exhaust manifold was redesigned according to the specification of the chassis, the exhaust outlet in the engine and the rules and regulations of the competition. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was employed to identify the optimum exhaust system design with minimum pressure loss. Among the tested models, the exhaust manifold with 100 mm length, 30° bending angle, 34 mm diameter, and 40 mm bending radius was the optimised design that resulted in the lowest pressure loss of 12.24 kPa. This study shows that a small bending angle with a short straight pipe has led to a smoother exhaust flow and even exhaust velocity across the model.
  • Publication
    Convergence and stress analysis of the homogeneous structure of human femur bone during standing up condition
    ( 2017-09-26)
    Izzawati Basirom
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Noor Alia Md Zain
    Finite element models have been widely used to quantify the stress analysis and to predict the bone fractures of the human body. The present study highlights on the stress analysis of the homogeneous structure of human femur bone during standing up condition. The main objective of this study is to evaluate and understand the biomechanics for human femur bone and to prepare orthotropic homogeneous material models used for FE analysis of the global proximal femur. Thus, it is necessary to investigate critical stress on the human femur bone for future study on implantation of internal fixator and external fixator. The implication possibility to create a valid FE model by simply comparing the FE results with the actual biomechanics structures. Thus, a convergence test was performed by FE model of the femur and the stress analysis based on the actual biomechanics of the human femur bone. An increment of critical stress shows in the femur shaft as the increasing of load on the femoral head and decreasing the pulling force at greater trochanter.
  • Publication
    Effect of nano-clay fillers on mechanical and morphological properties of Napier/epoxy composites
    ( 2017-10-29)
    Lim K.H.
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    The effect of nano clay filler on the mechanical and morphological properties of Napier/epoxy composites was investigated. Neat, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt% and 5 wt% of Montmorillonite (MMT) nano clay filled Napier/epoxy composites were fabricated by vacuum infusion technique. These specimens were tested in the three points bending according to the ASTM D790. The flexural stress-strain curve, flexural strength, flexural modulus and strain to failure were then discovered based on the flexural test results. The results revealed that flexural strength and flexural modulus increased when a particular amount of nano clay was added to the epoxy matrix. 3 wt% of nano clay filler yielded the highest flexural strength with an improvement of 163% when compared to the neat Napier/epoxy composites. Moreover, a maximum of 180% increases in flexural modulus was registered at 5 wt% of nano clay filler. The enhanced properties of nano clay filled composites were highly achieved due to better dispersion and distribution of nano clay in the epoxy resin as well as an increase on the interfacial bonding. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), morphological analysis was conducted to observe the fracture surfaces of the specimens after the flexural test. Overall, the presence of nano clay filler loading with a range of 3 wt% to 5 wt% in the Napier/epoxy composites shows the significant improvement in mechanical and morphological properties.
      1  23
  • Publication
    Investigation of vortex-induced vibration with different width of two bluff bodies in tandem arrangement for energy harvesting system
    ( 2021-05-24)
    Aziz N.A.
    ;
    Mohd Nor Fakhzan Mohd Kazim
    ;
    Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Nasir N.F.M.
    Due to imperative of enhancement on Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) energy harvesting as renewable energy sources, dual bluff bodies which are triangle and cylinder in tandem arrangement with different width from each other are studied in terms of total deformation, directional deformation and voltage generated in order to determine the better bluff bodies for the piezoelectric film. This is due to the unsymmetrical wakes pattern, low frequency vortices, and low energy output produced by the system. The length and height of the bluff bodies were fixed to 0.1m and airflow used for simulations was 1.46m/s. The spacing ratio was calculated from 1 to 6 to examine various width between two bluff bodies that will affect the formation of the vortex at the downstream area. From the results, it can be concluded that triangle bluff bodies in tandem arrangement 0.6m from each other have resulted in the highest total deformation and effective voltage generated of 0.47mm, and 3.05mV, respectively. These data indicated the highest ability of energy harnessing. Furthermore, this model results in a consistent flagging direction of the piezoelectric that implying a good energy harvesting system.
      1  28
  • Publication
    Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hybrid interwoven cellulosic-cellulosic fibre reinforced epoxy composites
    ( 2017-05-01)
    Maslinda Abu Bakar @ Yahaya
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Gibson A.
    The absorption behaviour of water and its effect on the tensile and flexural properties of interwoven cellulosic fibres were investigated. Hybrid composites consisting of interwoven kenaf/jute and kenaf/hemp yarns were prepared by an infusion process that used epoxy as the polymer matrix. The water absorption characteristics of the fibres were obtained by immersing the composite samples in tap water at room temperature, until reaching their water content saturation point. The dry and water-immersed woven and interwoven hybrid composite samples were subjected to tensile and flexural tests. To study the effect of water penetration in the fibre/matrix interface, fractured samples were examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The study shows that the mechanical and water-resistant properties of the kenaf, jute, and hemp fibres were improved through hybridization. However, as a result of water penetrating the fibre/matrix interface, longer water-immersion times reduced the tensile and flexural strength of the composites.
      1  32
  • Publication
    Effects of fibre loading and moisture absorption on the tensile properties of hybrid Napier/glass/epoxy composites
    ( 2017-10-29)
    Zikri M.
    ;
    Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture absorption on the mechanical degradation of hybrid Napier/glass-epoxy composites. The hybrid Napier/glass-epoxy composites plates were produced by the vacuum infusion method using epoxy resin as a matrix. The hybrid composite specimens were tested after following 50 h of water immersion. The moisture content decreased as the glass fibre content increased. The wet and dry hybrid composite samples were subjected to tensile tests. The incorporation of the glass fibre into the Napier grass fibre-epoxy composites enhanced their tensile strength and tensile modulus. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of the hybrid Napier/glass-epoxy composites (24/6-70 vol%) were 43 MPa and 3.2 GPa, respectively. However, the tensile strength and tensile modulus properties highly degraded under wet conditions.
      10  21
  • Publication
    Environmental effect on short-beam composite under three-point bending test
    ( 2017-01-01)
    Mariam Majid
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    The effect of moisture, water absorption on a single short span beam of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) was examined under room temperature, 27°c. The aim of the study is to investigate the mechanical properties of composite under wet condition. The composite were cut into rectangular shape with a dimension of 78 mm long, 26 mm width and 3.5 mm depth. The moisture content of eight specimens was experimentally reduced as the glass fiber content increased. In this investigation, the flexural strength and modulus of composites were determined throughout the three-point bending test. The specimens were rigged up horizontally as supported beams and loaded vertically at the geometric center. Thus, the results were developed into loading versus deflection and relationship for each specimen. The samples were considered to have failed when the curves were in steady decline section. Failure mechanisms were observed in categories; face yield, core yield and fiber tear.
      1  24