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Hybrid salp swarm maximum power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic systems in highly fluctuating environmental conditions

2025-03 , Mohd Nasrul Izzani Jamaludin , Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin , Tarek Younis , Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti , Mohammad Khishe

The maximum power delivered by a photovoltaic system is greatly influenced by atmospheric conditions such as irradiation and temperature and by surrounding objects like trees, raindrops, tall buildings, animal droppings, and clouds. The partial shading caused by these surrounding objects and the rapidly changing atmospheric parameters make maximum power point tracking (MPPT) challenging. This paper proposes a hybrid MPPT algorithm that combines the benefits of the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) and hill climbing (HC) techniques. As long as the rate of change of irradiance does not exceed a specific limit, the HC mode is applied to track the global maximum power point (GMPP). Once a high rate of change in irradiation is detected, the SSA mode is activated. Moreover, the proposed algorithm employs the concept of boundary conditions to handle fast and slow fluctuating irradiance patterns. A comprehensive comparative evaluation of the proposed hybrid SSA-HC with state-of-the-art MPPT algorithms has been undertaken. Four distinct cases have been examined, including irradiance conditions with varying rates of change and partial shading conditions. The proposed hybrid SSA-HC algorithm has been validated and tested using a developed hardware setup, simulated in MATLAB for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, and compared with standard SSA and HC. The performance of the tracking capability of this proposed hybrid technique at both steady-state and dynamic conditions under rapid and gradual irradiance changes demonstrates its superiority over recent state-of-the-art algorithms.

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Experimental analysis using IoT-based smart power quality analyzer system with remote data access and GSM alerting mechanism

2025-01 , Balasubbareddy Mallala , Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin , Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti , Rajasekhar Reddy Manyam

Power Quality Analyzers (PQA) play an important role in monitoring and controlling health of the electrical systems. They can report the fluctuations in the field measurements with different power quality issues as well as due to load variations. Internet of Things (IoT) is a potential technology to design Smart PQAs for remote monitoring and easy integration of the field information on the cloud platform using gateway units. This paper focuses on the development of a Smart PQA system using low-cost IoT hardware and software design solutions. The hardware development is completed using Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller in combination with ESP32 Wroom Wi-Fi gateway and SIM900A GSM gateway. The real-time field data is gathered at the ThingSpeak platform for future analysis, while GSM-based design ensures timely alerts to the end users for any major fluctuation in the power supply. The performance of the proposed low-cost system has been compared with the readings obtained from FPGA-based conventional PQA and standard Fluke Meter when connected to different loads. The proposed system output values are tabulated and compared using graphs. The proposed system is expected to be useful for the critical assessment, monitoring, and control of power quality parameters in various commercial and residential premises.